Botany Exam 2

In angiosperm where is the flower born on?,

Receptacle

What is the stalk in angiosperm?

Peduncle or Pedicel

What are the sterile parts of a flower called?

Sepals, Petals. If they are similar they are called tepals.

What is the gynoecium?

The female part of the flower, also called a pistil

How many carpels are composed of in the gynoecium?

1 or more

What does the ovary develop into in angiosperm?

Ovary

What parts are differentiated in gynoecium?

Stigma, Style, and ovary

Androecium is what?

The male pair of the flower

How many stamens are the androecium composed of

1 or more

What are the androecium differentiated into and how many microsporangia does it contain

Anther and Filament, 4 microsporangia

In the angiosperm life cycle, where is the megagametophyte retained on?

Sporophyte

In angiosperm, is there a archegonia?

No, there is no archegonia

Where does the megagametophyte develop in angiosperm?

Ovule

In the angiosperm life cycle, what does the megasporophyll form and what does it contain?

Ovary and ovules

What forms the endosperm?

Double fertilization

Label the positions of these three ovaries from left to right?

Hypogynous, Perigynous, and Epigynous

What parts do complete flowers have?

All of them - Calyx, corolla, carpels, stamens

What do all perfect flowers have?

Carpels and Stamens

In incomplete flowers, what do they lack?

One or more of the parts complete flowers have?

Imperfect flowers have separate male and female parts, what two terms describe the location of these parts?

Dioecious and Monoecious

How many years ago did angiosperms arise?

130MYA

When were angiosperms dominant?

90 MYA

Where are seeds enclosed in angiosperms?

Fruits

What are the most abundant and diverse group of plants?

Angiosperms are the most abundant and diverse

How many total species of angiosperms are there?

300,000-450,000

What was reduced in the evolution on angiosperm?

Parts that are definite in number.

What happened to the floral axis in angiosperm?

It was shortened

What happened to the floral parts in angiosperms?

Parts often have become fused.

What trend happened in ovaries in angiosperm?

Trend toward inferior ovaries

What happened to perianth in the evolution of angiosperm?

Differentiated into a distinct calyx and corolla

What are the two types of symmetry angiosperms evolved towards?

Actinomorphy (radial0 and Zygymorphy (bilateral)

When do orchid mycorrhizae obligate?

Obligate when they are youngW

hen do orchid mycorrhizae become more reliant?

Older in terrestrial plants.

What do fungus form with angiosperm?

Intracellular coils

What do plants digest when they are young and why?

Fungus, it enables low seed investment and coevolution with pollinators

What happens sometimes in the fungi-angiosperm relationship?

Sometimes the fungus eats the plant

In the formation of the embryo, what is embryogenesis?

The formation of the body plan of the plant with apical-basal patterns or radial patterns

When does embryogenesis occur?

Occurs in concert with seed devleopement

Where is energy stored with mature embryos?

Energy is stored in the seed

Who supplies the nutrients to the ovule?

plant

What is energy stored as?

Endosperm, perisperm, and cotyledons

When is embryo growth delayed?

During maturation and dispersal

What is the condition seeds are in during maturation and dispersal?

Very dry

What factors are germination dependent on?

Internal and External factors like water, oxygen, temp, light for some

In seed germination, what causes seed to swell?

Imbibition of water causes seed to sweel

Why does the ambition of water cause the seed to swell?

Developed pressure for germination

in seed germination, why are enzymes activated?

To digest and utilize stored food

Initial breakdown of glucose in seed germination may be ________

anaerobic

What is required after the seed coat ruptures?

Oxygen

What is embryogenesis?

The body plan if the plant, with a apical-basal patterns and radial pattern

When does embryogenesis occur

In concert with seed development, formation of the seed oat which increased stored food storage. Conifers have selective advantage.

what does the apical basal pattern consist of

an axis with a shoot tip at one end and a root tip at the other

what type of pattern will a transverse section reveal?

radial pattern consisting of three tissue systems such as epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

How does the ovule attach to the ovary wall

By funiculus

Nutrients are supplied by plants to ____

ovule

What are the three ways energy is stored as

Endosperm, perisperm, and cotyledons

When is embryo growth delayed in seed germination?

Maturation and dispersal

What factors is germination dependent on?

Independant and dependant variables such as water, oxygen, temperature, and light

Dormancy must be _____ in seed germination

Broken

What causes seed to swell and why?

Imbibition of water and it develops pressure for germination

Why are enzymes activated in seed germination?

Digest and utilize stored food

Initial breakdown of glucose may be _______ in seed germination

anaerobic

What is required after the seed coat ruptures in seed germination?

Oxygen