Chem 1610 Midterm 1 Memorization

Prefix for one

Mono-

Prefix for two

di-

Prefix for three

tri-

Prefix for four

tetra-

Prefix for five

penta-

Prefix for six

hexa-

Prefix for seven

hepta-

Prefix for eight

octa-

Prefix for nine

nona-

Prefix for ten

deca-

Acetate

CH₃COO^-

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

HCO₃^-

Cyanide

CN^-

Hypochlorite

ClO^-

Chlorite

ClO₂^-

Chlorate

ClO₃^-

Perchlorate

ClO₄^-

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Permanganate

MnO₄^-

Azide

N₃^-

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Peroxide

O₂^2-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄^2-

Dihydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄^-

Disulfide

S₂^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate

HSO₄^-

Sulfite

SO₃^2-

Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite

HSO₃^-

Thiocynate

SCN^-

Hydrofluoric acid

HF

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Hydrobromic acid

HBr

Hydroiodic acid

HI

Carbonic acid

H₂CO₃

Nitric acid

HNO₃

Nitrous acid

HNO₂

Phosphoric acid

H₃PO₄

Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Sulfurous acid

H₂SO₃

Hypochlorous acid

HClO

Chlorous acid

HClO₂

Chloric acid

HClO₃

Perchloric acid

HClO₄

Alcohols

a hydroxyl group attached to an R group

Ethers

an oxygen atom single-bonded to two separate R groups

Adehydes

a carbonyl group (C=O) where the carbon atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and the rest to an R group

Ketones

a carbonyl group (a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom) with R groups attached to the carbonyl carbon

Carboxylic acids

a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to the same carbon atom, R group is attached to the carboxylic carbon

Esters

a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an oxygen atom, which is in turn bonded to an R group

Amines

A nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (derivative of Ammonium)

Amides

a nitrogen atom is bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom (a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen), forming a C-N bond that links a carbonyl group and an amine group

Alkanes

carbon bonds that contain only single bonds between (carbon) atoms

Alkenes

carbon bonds that contain double bonds between (carbon) atoms

Alkynes

carbon bonds that contain triple bonds between (carbon) atoms

Is Hydrofluoric acid (HF) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Hydrochloric acid (HCl) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Hydrobromic acid (HBr) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Hydroiodic acid (HI) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Nitric acid (HNO₃) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Nitrous acid (HNO₂) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Hypochlorous acid (HClO) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Chlorous acid (HClO₂) a strong or weak acid?

Weak

Is Chloric acid (HClO₃) a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Is Perchloric acid a strong or weak acid?

Strong

Which cations are always soluble?

Group I ions (alkali metals: Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, etc.) and NH₄⁺ (ammonium).

Which anions are always soluble?

NO₃⁻ (nitrate) and CH₃COO^-/C₂H₃O₂^- (acetate).

Which halides (Group 17) are soluble?

Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻ are soluble except with Ag⁺, Cu⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺.

Which sulfates (SO₄²⁻) are soluble?

All sulfates except those of Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺.

Which hydroxides (OH⁻) are soluble?

Only Group IA (Alkali Metals) hydroxides, Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, and Ba(OH)₂.
(All other hydroxides are insoluble.)

Which sulfides (S²⁻) are soluble?

Group IA (Alkali Metals), NH₄⁺, CaS, SrS, BaS.
(All other sulfides are insoluble.)

Which carbonates (CO₃²⁻) are soluble?

Only those of Group IA (Alkali Metals) and NH₄⁺.
(All others are insoluble.)

Which phosphates (PO₄³⁻) are soluble?

Only those of Group IA (Alkali Metals) and NH₄⁺.
(All others are insoluble.)

strong acids make ____ electrolytes

strong

weak acids make ____ electrolytes

weak