KNPE Ch 14 Social cognitive theory and theory of planned behavior

For midterm

Self-efficacy (SE)

Beliefs in ones capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments

Major basis for action

Efficacy belief

Self-efficacy impacts:

Decisions and choices regarding challenges and opportunities, effort, perseverance, effect of thought patterns on performance, levels on perceptions of stress and anxiety

Social cognitive theory (SCT) definition

Combines aspects of operant conditioning, social learning theory, and cognitive psychology

Proposed by Bandura (1998)

SCT seeks to understand

Behavioral expectations

Values placed on expectations

A persons perception of their capability to execute a behavior

SCT and SE

SE affects behavior directly through its impact on outcome expectations, sociostructrual factors, and goals

Outcome expectations

The expectations an individual has about the outcomes of a behavior

Reciprocal determinism

The interdependency and codetermination of behavior, internal personal factors, and external environmental factors.

Sources of efficacy

Personal mastery experiences (or performative experiences)

Vicarious experiences

Verbal persuasion

Physiological states

Emotional states (or mood states)

The most potent source of self-efficacy 

Personal mastery experiences

Personal mastery experiences

Source of efficacy

Carrying out a task successfully helps cement the belief in this person that they have the capabilities necessary

Vicarious experiences

Source of efficacy

Or observational learning

The behavior (and successes or failures) of others can be used as a comparative standard for the individual 

Cognitive self-modeling

Specialized form of vicarious experiences

Imagery experiences (visualization)

Verbal persuasion

Source of efficacy

Words

Physiological state

Source of efficacy

Bodily sensations (e.g. increased: heart rate, sweating, respiratory experiences) can serve to provide a signal to the individual about their current level of efficacy

Emotional states

Source of efficacy

Can influence SE through affective priming or cognitive priming

Affective priming

Occurs because previous successes and failures are stored in memory (and recalled) with associated mood states

Cognitive priming

Similar to affective priming

Memory is also stored with an accompanying cognition (e.g. an attribute)

Barrier efficacy

An individuals beliefs about possessing the capability to overcome obstacles to physical activity

Scheduling efficacy

Reflects the individuals confidence that physical activity can be scheduled into a daily or weekly routine

Task efficacy

An individuals beliefs about possessing the capability to perform a behavioral act

Theory of planned behavior (TPB)

An extension of the theory of reasoned action

Concerned with the link between our attitudes and behavior

Intention

TPB

A persons willingness and how much effort they they are planning to exert to perform the behavior

Attitude

TPB

An individuals positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior

Behavioral beliefs

The perceived consequences of carrying out a specific action and our evaluation of each of these consequences

Subjective norm

TPB

Reflects the perceived social pressure that individuals feel to perform or not perform a particular behavior

Normative beliefs

Determined by the perceived expectations of important significant others or groups and by the individuals motivation to comply with the expectations of these important significant others

Perceived behavioral control

TPB

The perceived ease or difficulty of performing a behavior

Composed of self-efficacy and controllability

Control beliefs

Represents the perceived presence or absence of required resources and opportunities, the anticipated obstacles or impediments to behavior, and the perceived power of a particular control factor to facilitate or inhibit performance of the behavior

Elicitation study

Forms the basis for developing questions to assess the theory’s variables in a specific population

Reasoned action approach

Attitude toward is assumed to consist of experimental and instrumental attitudes

Perceived norm is assumed to consist of injunctive and descriptive norms
Perceived behavioral control is assumed to consist of capacity and autonomy

Greater SE is associated with

More positive and less negative affects post exercise

PA enjoyment

Optimism

Self-esteem

Believed to be the central determinate to behavior

Intention