Heart Sounds & Valve Auscultation

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Last updated 5:06 PM on 8/25/26
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5 Terms

1
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What causes S1 ("lub")?

Closure of the mitral + tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole.

2
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What causes S2 ("dub")?

Closure of the aortic + pulmonic valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole.

3
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What does an S3 heart sound suggest in an adult?

Heart failure/volume overload; called a ventricular gallop. May be normal in healthy young people.

4
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What does an S4 heart sound suggest?

A stiff/noncompliant ventricle, commonly associated with hypertension or cardiac disease; called an atrial gallop.

5
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Where are the four major cardiac auscultation areas?

  • Aortic: 2nd right ICS

  • Pulmonic: 2nd left ICS

  • Tricuspid: left sternal border around 4th ICS

  • Mitral: 5th ICS, left midclavicular line

Memory: A-P-T-M