Phylum Apicomplexa (Hemosporidian), Phylum Sarcomastigophora + Ciliophora (Cram)

In what type of cell do Hemosporidians develop in the definitive host?

Red blood cells

What condition do Hemosporidians cause in the definitive host?

Hemolytic anemia

What group of insects are the intermediate hosts for Hemosporidians?

Blood sucking arthropods

What are the two Hemosporidian genera of veterinary significance?

1. Babesia

2. Plasmodium

What disease is caused by Plasmodium species in the definitive host?

Malaria

What disease is caused by Babesia species in the definitive host?

Babesiosis

What is the intermediate host of Babesia species?

Ticks

What appendages do parasites of Phylum Sarcomastigophora have for motility?

Flagella

What are the two groups of Phylum Sarcomastigophora that live in the blood, lymph, and tissue spaces, or gut or genital tract respectively?

Blood, lymph, etc. – Haemoflagellates

Gut, genital tract – Mucosoflagellates

What is the genus species of Mucosoflagellate that causes Beaver Fever in humans, primates, dogs, cats, livestock, rodents, and other free–ranging mammals?

Giardia lamblia (also called G. duodenalis and G. intestinalis)

What are the two lifestages of Giardia sp. that can be recovered from a fecal floatation, which one is the infective stage?

1. Trophozoites

2. Oocysts (infective stage)

What does the damage to intestinal cells by Giardia sp. cause in dogs and humans?

Enteritis

Other than a fecal floatation, what test can be done to test for Giardia sp.?

Snap test

Why should you collect 3 fecal samples over 7–10 days when testing for Giardia sp.?

Giardia oocysts and trophozoites shed intermittently

What is the species of Giardia that affects rodents, birds, and reptiles?

Giardia muris

What is the species of Giardia that affects humans, primates, dogs, and free ranging mammals?

Giardia enterica

What is the species of Giardia that primarily affects dogs?

Giardia canis

What is the prepatent period of Giardia species?

1–2 weeks

Does the number of Giardia cysts recovered indicate how the patient will be affected by the pathogenicity of the disease?

No

Are humans likely to get Giardia from dogs or other animals?

No, it is possible but they are more likely to get it from other people

What is the best way to demonstrate Giardia oocysts and trophozites?

Fecal floatation with zinc sulfate

What is the genus species of Mucosoflagellate that causes a venereal disease in cattle?

Tritrichomonas foetus

What are some of the definitive hosts of Tritrichomonas foetus?

Cattle, pigs, horses, deer, dogs, cats, and poultry

Is the life cycle of Tritrichomonas foetus direct or indirect?

Direct

How many flagella do the trophozoites of Tritrichomonas foetus have?

3 flagella

How are the movements of Tritrichomonas foetus trophozoites described?

Zippy

Is the bull or cow responsible for the spread of Tritrichomonas foetus?

The bull, they should be culled. Unlike the cow, the parasite can persist in the bull for his entire life

How are bulls tested for Tritrichomonas foetus?

Scraping of smegma is serologically tested

What appendages do parasites of Phylum Ciliophora have for motility?

Cilia

What is the genus species of ciliate (member of Phylum Ciliophora) is considered commensal in pigs but sometimes causes enteritis?

Balantidium coli

Is Balantidium coli zoonotic?

Yes, causes dysentery in man

What is the site of Balantidium coli in the definitive host?

Large intestine

What is notable about the size of Balantidium coli as it relates to being zoonotic to humans?

It is the largest protozoan to parasitize man