BIO 1100 Unit 4: Cellular Differentiation and Tissue Level of Organization

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular differentiation, epithelial tissue types, connective tissue components, muscle and nervous tissue characteristics, and the steps of tissue repair.

Totipotent

A classification of stem cell involved in the process of cell growth and differentiation.

Pluripotent

A type of stem cell involved in cellular growth and differentiation.

Multipotent

A category of stem cell examined during the process of cell growth and differentiation.

Cellular differentiation

The biological process by which a cell becomes specialized.

Epithelial tissue characteristics

Includes the presence of a basement membrane, apical surface, and cell to cell junctions.

Simple squamous

A type of epithelium tissue.

Simple cuboidal

A specific type of epithelium tissue.

Simple columnar

A classification of epithelium tissue.

Stratified squamous

A type of epithelium tissue.

Pseudostratified columnar

A specific type of epithelium tissue.

Transitional

A type of epithelium tissue.

Serous membrane

An epithelial membrane category that includes the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium.

Mucous membrane

A type of epithelial membrane.

Cutaneous membrane

A classification of epithelial membrane.

Exocrine glands

Glands that secrete through modes such as merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.

Endocrine glands

A type of glandular tissue distinct from exocrine glands.

Merocrine

A specific mode of exocrine secretion.

Apocrine

A mode used for exocrine secretion.

Holocrine

One of the three identified modes of exocrine secretion.

Fibroblast

A cell component of connective tissue.

Adipocyte

A cell found in connective tissue systems.

Osteocyte

A specific cell type within connective tissue.

Chondrocyte

A cell component of connective tissue often associated with cartilage.

Connective tissue fibers

Components include collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

Ground substance

A fundamental component of connective tissue along with cells and fibers.

Connective tissue proper

A category including areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular, and dense irregular tissues.

Supportive tissue

A classification of connective tissue encompassing bone and cartilage types like hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic.

Blood and Lymph

The two identified types of liquid connective tissue.

Synovial membrane

A type of connective membrane.

Muscle tissue types

Classified into skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Striated and Smooth

Characteristics used to identify and distinguish types of muscle tissues.

Voluntary and Involuntary

Functional characteristics used to categorize muscle tissues.

Neuron

A nervous tissue cell consisting of a cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, axon terminal, myelin, and synapse.

Neuroglia

Supportive nervous tissue cells including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells.

Hemostasis

The first step in the four-step process of repairing a tissue injury.

Inflammation

The second step of tissue injury repair characterized by mast cells, heparin, and histamine.

Proliferation

The third step in the repair of tissue injury.

Remodeling

The fourth and final step in the sequence of tissue injury repair.

Fibrosis

A factor that affects the process and outcome of wound healing.