Overview of cells, nucleus, and ribosomes

PROKARYOTES

• no nucleusno endomembrane system

• no organelles

• smaller

• DNA in nucleoid region (not enclosed)

• circular DNA

• ribosomes

• CAPSULE

EUKARYOTES

• nucleus

• DNA within nucleus

• histones- wind up DNA proteins so it doesn’t take up space

• membrane-bound organelles

• larger

• linear DNA- so it needs to be folded up

• structured compartmentalized
  have more surface area:

  • selective permeability,

  • more organized,

  • more reactions,

  • separate reactions

  • specialized functions
    provide unique surroundings

3 domains

originate from ancestoral cell

UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES

1. eubacteria: chemosynthetic → photosynthetic cyanobacteria

2. archae: extremophiles

1. eukarya (EUKARYOTES)

   1. protista: photosyn. and nonphotosyn.

   MULTICELLULAR

   1. plantae: photosyn.

   2. fungi: photoautrophic

   3. animalia: nonphotosyn.

in ANIMAL cells but NOT PLANTS

• lysosomses

• centrioles

• desmosomes

• mitochondria

UNIQUE TO PLANTS

• chloroplasts

• large central vacuole

• cell wall

• plasmodesmata

Bacteria, plants, and animals ALL have

______ IN COMMON

• cell membrane

• ribosomes

• genetic material (DNA)

bacteria

cell wall: NAM-NAG

dna found in nucleoid region

plants

• cell wall:cellulose

• nucleus

• endomembrane

• chloroplast

• large vacuole

animals

• no cell wall

• nucleus sys

• lysosome

• centriole

• endomembrane sys

Bacteria cell size (1um)

SA (1 × 1) x 6 = 6 um²

Volume (1 × 1 × 1 ) = 1 um³

eukaryotic cell size

SA: (10×10)x6= 600 um²

V: (10×10×10)= 100um³

• INC SA BY INTERNAL MEMBRANE + FOLDING

nucleus

• double membrane

• stores + replicates dna makes + process rna, assembles ribosomes

NUCLEOLUS: ribosomal RNA synthesis

Ribosome

protein synthesis

1. inside cytoplasm- makes soluble proteins

2. on ROUGH er- makes membrane or targeted proteins