NCLEX pharmacology

8 drugs you cannot give during pregnancy

radioactive drugs , methotrexate, Ace’s, Arbs, Tetracycline, sulfa drugs,misoprostol, vitamin A

opioid antidote

naloxone

benzo antidote

glamazone

acetaminophen

acetylcysteine

Mag sulfate antidote

calcium gluconate

heparin antidote

protamine sulfate

warfarin antidote

Vitamin K

lithium toxic numbers

1\.5 or more

digoxin toxic levels

2\.0 or more

theophylline toxic levels

20 or more

phenytoin toxic level

20 or more

lithium toxicity s/s

extreme thirst and excessive urination

digoxin toxicity s/s

vision changes

theophylline toxicity s/s

tonic clonic seizures

phenytoin toxicity s/s

ataxia, hand tremor, slurred speech

demerol/ merperidine HCL

opioid analgsic

Dilaudid/Hydromorphone

opioid analgsic

duragesic, sublimaze/ fentanyl

opioid analgsic

Vicodin, norco/hydrocodone

opioid analgsic

Dilantin/phenytoin

anticonvulsant (monitor blood levels) and benzo

neurotin/gabapentin

anticonvulsant (sometimes prescribed for chronic pain neuropathy) and benzo

Tegretol/carbamazepine

anticonvulsant (monitor blood levels) and benzo

depakote/valproic acid

anticonvulsant (monitor blood levels) and benzo

celexa/citalopram

Antidepressant/ssri

effexor/venlafaxine

Antidepressant/ssri

lexapro/escitalopram oxolate

Antidepressant/ssri

prozac/ fluoxetine

Antidepressant/ssri

zoloft/sertraline

Antidepressant/ssri

buspar/buspirone

anxiolytics (lowers anxiety)

Elavil/amitriptyline

tricyclic antidepressant

Ambien/zolpidem tartrate

sedative hypnotic

Lunesta/eszopiclone

sedative hypnotic

anticoagulants

coumadin(warfarin), Lovenox(Enoxaparin), Heparin

Antiplatelets

ASA(aspirn,acetylsalicylic acid), Plavix (clopidogrel)

Pepto bismol contains aspirin

loop diuretics

inhibit reabsorption

bumex(bumetanide), Demadex(torsemide), Lasix (furosemide)

thiazide diuretic

Increases excretion

diuril(chlorothiazide sodium), Hydrodiuril (Hydrochorothizide), Zaroxlyn (Metolazone)

Potassium-sparing diuretics

aldactone(triamterene), Dyrenium (spironolactone)

Antihypertensive classes and endings

Ace inhibitors- pril

alpha 2 agonist

beta blockers-olol

Must know ace inhibitors (4)

1. altace- ramipril
2. capoten-captopril
3. prinvil,zestril-lisonpril
4. vasotec-enalapril

important lab check with ace inhibitors

potassium

alpha 2 agonist

catapres-clonodine

Must know Beta blockers (4) and ending

1. inderal-propranolol
2. lopressor-metoprolol tartrate
3. toprol-XL - Metoprolol succinate
4. Tenormin

OLOL(ending)

Beta blockers contraindication and reason

Asthma because it causes Bronchoconstriction

Alpha 1 adrenerginic blockers and ending (2)

Hytrin-terazosin

Minipress-prazosin

ZOSYN (ending)

alpha and beta adrenerginic blockers and ending (2)

Coreg- Carvedilol

Trandate,Normodyne-labetalol

LOL(ending)

Calcium channel blockers (4)

cardizem-Diltazem

norvasc-Amlodipine

procardia-Nifedipine

verelan,Isoptin,Calan -Verapamil

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers ‘arbs’ and ending (3)

Atacand-Candesartan

cozaar-Losartan

Diovan- Valsartan

SARTAN (ending)

Digoxin: What is it? what does it do and how?

what to monitor?

cardiac glycoside- negative chromo trope

improves contractility and cardiac output by decreasing hr

Monitor potassium and dig levels

Metformin-What is it? what does it do and how?

what to monitor?

Biguanide- hyperglycemic med

lowers glucose by decreasing hepatic glucose production and absorption, also improves insulin sesensitivitynsitivty through tissue response

monitor for gi side effects and rare lactic acidosis

Nitrates (3), uses, what to monitor

Nitroglycerine, Isosorbide mononitrate, and Isosorbide dinitrate

to treat or prevent angina, decrease bp, decrease pre/after load, decrease myocardial o2 demand

monitor potassium levels

sulfonylureas (3) uses, what to monitor

glimepiride, glyburide, glipizide

antidiabetic, increases insulin secretion

hyperglycemia

glitazones (2) (ends in glitazone) use, what to monitor

Pioglitazone

Rosglitazone

decrease insulin resistance

monitor edema, and hf secondary to renal retention of fluid

PPI’s (3)ends in proazole

Esomeproazole

omeprazole

Pantoprazole

Antiemetics (2)

promethazine

ondansetron

h2-histamine receptor agonist

famotidine, ranitidine

STATINS (3) watch for what

Rosuvastatin

Atorvastatin

Simvastatin

Rhabdo, and hepatotoxicity

rapid acting insulins onset /peaks

Insulin Lispro-Humalog (5m) (60-90)

Insulin Aspart-Novolog (10-20)(1-3h)

Short acting insulins onset /peaks

Regular Insulin-Humulin R (SQ: 30-60m

IV: 10-30m) (SQ: 2-4h IV: 15-30m)

• Regular insulin is the

only one given IV

• Concentrated

insulin-Insulin U-500 (2-3h) (5-7h)

intermediate action insulins onset /peaks

\
NPH

(Humulin N, Novolin R) 8-12h (18-24h)

Long acting insulin onset /peaks

\
Long-Acting

Insulin Glargine-Lantus (none) (24hrs)

• Cannot mix with

others

Insulin Detemir-Levemir (4-8hrs), (24hrs)

Premixed Insulins NPH/REG (oneset/peak)

Premixed

NPH/REG

• Humulin 50/50 (4-8hrs) (24hrs)

• Humulin 70/30(4-8hrs) (24hrs)

• Novolin 70/30(4-8hrs) (24hrs)

Apart

Protamine/aspart

(Novolog mix 70/30) (1-4h) (24h)

Lispro

Protamine/lispro

(Humalog mix 75/25) (2.8h) (24h)

antilipidemics (misc)

Zetia (selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor)(Ezetimibe)

* Inhibits absorption of cholesterol by small intestine

TriCor(Fibric Acid Derivative)(Fenofibrate)

* ↓ triglyceride synthesis in liver

Lopid(Fibric Acid Derivative) (Gemfibrozil)

* ↓ triglyceride synthesis in liver

(Questran) {Bile acid sequestrant(food additive improving

quality)} (Cholestyramine)

* Binds bile acids,impeding absorption(elimination in feces)

Gi meds meds and use

Carafate (Sucralfate)

* Non-absorbable medications use prophylactically to treat/prevent ulcers and GERD


* GI Protectant
* Mixes with gastric acid to form a
* protective coating of gastric mucosa

Reglan (Metoclopramide)

* GI stimulant
* Act by ↑ resting tone of esophageal sphincter
* Promotes gastric emptying/intestinal transit

stool softeners

Colace- Docusate Sodium

Surfak-Docusate Calcium

aminoglycoside (antiinfectives) (3)

Gentamicin (Gentamicin Sulfate)

Streptomycin (Streptomycin Sulfate)

Tobramycin (Tobramycin Sulfate)

Bronchodilators

Proventil, Ventolin (Albuterol Sulfate)

Brovana (Arformoterol Tatrate)

Foradil (Formoterol Fumarate)

Xopenex (Levalbuterol)

Spiriva (Tiotropium)

Advair Advair Diskus (Fluticasone/Salmeterol)

• \*combo drug(flut-potent, anti-inflam,effects/Salm-bronch

odilator)

\

Corticosteroids

Celestone (Betamethasone)

Decadron (Dexamethasone)

Deltasone (Prednisone)

Solu-Cortef (Hydrocortisone)

Solu-Medrol (Methylprednisolone)

monitor wbc and blood glucose

Antiprotozole

Flagyl (Metronidazole)

• \*No alcohol products, including mouthwash,

aftershave, deodorant, bath splashes.

• Disulfiram- type reaction may occur (flushing,

nausea, vomiting, palpitations).

• ß-LACTAMs

• ß-Lactam antibiotics include:

PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams,

carbapenems

• \*Assess for allergies to any ß-Lactam antibiotic

Cephalosporins

Rocephin (Ceftriaxone)

Maxipime (Cefepime)

Mefoxin (Cefoxitin)

Ancef (Cefazolin)

Penicillins

Amoxil (Amoxicillin)

Omnipen (Ampicillin)

Unipen (Nafcillin)

Pipracil (Piperacillin)

Zosyn (Piperacillin/Tazobactam)

sulfonamides

Bactrim Bactrim DS Septra

(SMZ-TMP Trimethoprim-Sulfa

methoxazole)

\*Avoid or use with extreme caution if allergic to

sulfa: Erythromycin-Sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine,

Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Celebrex, Imitrex, Lasix,

Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ

Vancomycin

(Vancomycin Hydrochloride)

• \*Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red-Man Syndrome

• \*Peak: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.

• \*Trough: 30 minutes before the next dose

Carbapenems

Invanz (ErtapenemSulfate)

Merrem (MeropenemSulfate)

Primaxin (ImipenemSulfate)

Fluoroquinolones (oxacin)

CIpro (Ciprofloxacin)

Levaquin (Levofloxacin)

* Tendon rupture.
* Adjust dosage for renal patients

Tetracyclines

Tetracycline (Tetracycline)

Vibramycin (Doxycycline)