Molarity and Solution Calculations Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards defining key chemical terms, units, compounds, and conversions from the lecture transcript.

Molarity

The concentration of a solution found by taking the moles of solute divided by the liters of solution, expressed in units of Molar ($\text{M}$).

Solute

The substance that gets dissolved in water to make a solution, such as Sodium Hydroxide ($\text{NaOH}$), Copper Chloride ($\text{CuCl}_2$), or Sodium Chloride ($\text{NaCl}$).

Sodium Hydroxide ($\text{NaOH}$)

A solid solute dissolved in water, where $9.8\,\text{moles}$ in $3.62\,\text{L}$ of solution yields a concentration of $2.7\,\text{M}$.

Molar ($\text{M}$)

The unit of measurement for molarity, denoted by a capital $\text{M}$, which represents the number of moles of solute for every $1\,\text{L}$ of solution.

Copper Chloride ($\text{CuCl}_2$)

A solute with a molar mass of $134.45\,\text{g/mol}$, calculated from one Copper atom ($63.55$) and two Chlorine atoms ($35.44$ each).

Molar Mass

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance, determined using atomic masses from the periodic table and used as a conversion factor between grams and moles.

Atomic Mass of Copper

The mass of a single Copper atom from the periodic table, given as $63.55$.

Atomic Mass of Chlorine

The mass of a single Chlorine atom from the periodic table, given as $35.44$.

Sodium Chloride ($\text{NaCl}$)

A solute with a molar mass of $58.44\,\text{g/mol}$, determined by combining the atomic mass of Sodium ($22.99$) and Chlorine ($35.44$).

Milliliters to Liters Conversion

A conversion factor based on the equality that $1000\,\text{mL}$ equals $1\,\text{L}$, used to convert solution volume into liters prior to calculating molarity.