lab 3

exercise 25, 27

formed elements

• make up 45% of blood volume

• made of RBC, WBC, platelets

plasma

• make up 55% blood volume

• made of water, lipids, dissolved substances, colloidal proteins, clotting factors

how much water is plasma made of?

91%

how much other materials are plasma made of?

9%

• albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

albumin

produced by liver

• making up majority of plasma proteins

globulins

produced by plasma cells

fibrinogen

produced by liver

• clotting proteins

how much RBC are in one cubic millimeter?

5 million

RBC

• do not have nucleus

• pink, biconcave disk

biconcave disk

increases surface area and provides for greater oxygen carrying capabilities

hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis)

blood formation

erythropoiesis

RBC production

platelets consists

megakaryocytes (small fragments)

how much platelets are in per cubic millimeter of blood?

250,000 to 400,000

WBC range (per cubic millimeter)

5,000 to 9,000

• avg: 7,000

diapedesis

• ameboid movement of WBC as they squeeze b/w cells

neutrophil

• granulocyte

• most common

• 3 to 5 lobed nucleus

basophil

• granulocyte

• rare

• indistinct nucleus, dark purple granules

• granules contained herapin (anticoagulant) & histamines (vasodilators)

eosinophil

• granulocyte

• two lobed nucleus, orange cytoplasmic granules

lymphocytes

• agranulocyte

• blue cytoplasm frequently forming a halo around nucleus

monocyte

• agranulocyte

• large cells tie kidney shaped or horseshoe shaped nucleus

granulocytes are also known as…

polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes

eosinophil means…

eosin (orange dye) loving

where does b & t cells arise from?

fetal bone marrow

where do B cells mature in?

fetal liver and spleen

where do T cells mature in?

thymus

what do B cell lymphocytes mature into?

plasma cells

what do plasma cells make?

antibodies

antibodies are known as…

immunoglobulins

antibody mediated immunity

plasma cells secrete antibodies that travel in the fluid portion of the blood

• provided by B cell

cell mediated immunity

cells themselves (not antibodies in the blood plasma) move close to and destroy some types of bacteria or virus infected cells

• provided by T cells

neutrophil %

60-70

eosinophil %

2-4

basophil %

0.5-1

lymphocyte %

20-25

monocyte %

3-8

neutrophils increase during…

appendicitis, acute bacterial infections

eosinophils increase during…

allergic reactions, parasite infections

basophils increase during…

allergic, inflammatory reactions

lymphocytes increase during…

bacterial infection, antibody antigen reactions

monocytes increase during…

chronic infections (ex. tuberculosis)

arteries

blood AWAY from heart

veins

blood VISIT heart

coronary arteries

carry blood to the heart muscle

cardiac veins

take blood from heart muscle back to heart for recirculation

what is the epicardium composed of?

epithelial and connective tissue

what is the endothelium consist of?

simple squamous epithelium

apex

pointed end of heart

base

blunt end of heart

ventricles

• heart has 2

• large inferior

atria

• heart has 2

• smaller superior

auricles

earlike flaps on anterior, superior region of heart

coronary sulcus

large venous chamber that carries blood from cardiac veins to right atrium

atrioventricular sulcus

b/w R atrium and R ventricle

ligamentum arteriosum

b/w pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

what is the heart tissue nourished by?

coronary arteries

R & L coronary artery arises from…

ascending aorta

left coronary artery branches into…

anterior interventricular artery & circumflex artery

right coronary artery branches into…

posterior interventricular artery & right marginal artery

where does the small cardiac vein go to?

coronary sinus

interventricular septum

separates the ventricles

interatrial septum

medial wall of atrium

fossa ovalis

depression in atrial wall

pectinate muscles

provide additional strength to the atrial wall

chordae tendineae

threadlike attachments of tricuspid valve

trabeculae carneae

threadlike attachments of right ventricle