Plant Tissues Chapter 3.1.3 UCF

Meristematic Tissues

Apical meristems, lateral meristems, and intercalary meristems

Tissues Produced by Meristems

dermal, ground, vascular

Each _____ is composed of tissues.

organ

A tissue is?

A group of cells performing a similar function

There may be more than _____ tissue per organ.

one

What are meristems?

permanent regions of growth and active cell division

Apical meristems are found?

At the tips of roots and shoots

As the apical meristems produce new cells, the roots and shoots?

Increase in length

Lateral meristems produce?

secondary tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems

What types of plants have intercalary meristems?

grasses and related plants that do not have vascular cambium or cork cambium.

Intercalary meristems are in the vicinity of?

nodes and add to stem length

What is the epidermis?

protective layer that is one cell layer thick covering all plant organs

What is the epidermis composed of?

Mostly parenchyma cells, guard cells of stomata, secretory glands and hairs

What is on the surface outer walls of epidermis that forms cuticle?

cutin (fatty substance)

What is secreted in the cuticle?

wax

What is the purpose of cuticle and wax?

prevent water loss by evaporation

Leaves have _____ bordered by pairs of guard cells.

stomata

Trichomes:

epidermal outgrowths

Root epidermal cells produce?

root hairs

Periderm replaces?

epidermis when cork cambium begins producing new tissue

The periderm constitutes the?

outer bark

Periderm is composed mostly of?

cork cells

When periderm is still alive, the cytoplasm secretes?

suberin into walls.

Suberin makes cork cells?

waterproof and helps protect phloem

Periderm is ____ at maturity.

dead

What are lenticels?

Loosely arranged pockets of parenchyma cells formed by cork cambium.

What is the function of lenticels?

Allows for gaseous exchange.

Parenchyma tissue is composed of?

parenchyma cells

Parenchyma tissue has ____, pliable walls.

thin

Parenchyma tissue is usually ________ at maturity.

14 sided

Parenchyma tissue has living cytoplasm often containing?

Large vacuoles and various secretion

Parenchyma tissue may remain alive for?

a long time

Parenchyma tissue also have ___ between them.

spaces

Types of parenchyma tissue and cells

Aerenchyma, Chlorenchyma, Transfer cells

Aerenchyma

Parenchyma tissue with extensive connected air spaces (usually in aquatic plants)

Chlorenchyma

Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts that function in photosynthesis

Transfer cells

Develop irregular extensions of inner wall that greatly increase surface area of plasma membrane

What is collenchyma tissue composed of?

collenchyma cells

Collenchyma tissue is composed of?

collenchyma cells

Collenchyma tissue has?

living cytoplasm and may remain alive for a long time

The cell walls in collenchyma are ____ with uneven thickness.

thick

collenchyma tissue is _____ and ___, thus providing flexible support.

pliable, strong

Sclerenchyma tissue contains?

sclerenchyma cells

Sclerenchyma contains thick?

tough, secondary walls, normally impregnated with lignin

Sclerenchyma is dead at maturity and contain?

lumen

Sclerenchyma function in?

support

What are the two types of sclerenchyma?

sclerosis or stone cells

Xylem tissue

chief conducting tissue for water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots

Xylem tissue is composed of

vessels, tracheids, fibers, parenchyma cells, or ray cells

Vessels are

long tubes made of vessel elements

Vessels have?

Thick secondary cell walls with pits

Vessels are _____ at both ends.

open

xylem tissue has ___ ____ between end walls.

perforation plate

Tracheids are?

tapered at the ends with pairs of pits

Tracheids have ____ secondary cell walls.

thick

Tracheids may have ______ ____ on cell walls.

spiral thickenings

Ray parenchyma

function in lateral conduction and food storage

Phloem tissue conducts

Dissolved food materials produced by photosynthesis throughout plant

Phloem tissue is composed of

Sieve tube elements, companion cells, fibers, parenchyma cells and ray cells

Sieve tube elements

lack secondary cell walls and nuclei

Sieve tube elements lay?

end to end to form sieve tubes

The walls of sieve tube elements have

sieve played with small pores

Callose forms

Callus plug

Callus plug

Prevents leaking of sieve tube contents when cell injured

Secretory cells may function individually or as part of a secretory tissue

Flower nectar, citrus oils, glandular hair mucilage, latex, resins