Anatomy Video Notes: Vocabulary ( upper extremity) Flashcards

Upper extremity

Caput (Capitis)

Latin term for head.

Cranium

Skull.

Cephalic

Toward the head.

Caudal

Toward the tail.

Rostral

Toward the nose.

Collum (Colli)

Neck.

Cervix

Neck region.

Trunk

The main body excluding limbs (includes chest and abdomen).

Thorax

Chest.

Abdomen

Area between the diaphragm and the hip bones.

Pelvis

Region between the os coxae (hip bones).

Os coxae

Hip bone.

Shoulder girdle

Shoulder assembly consisting of the scapula and clavicle.

Scapula

Shoulder blade.

Clavicle

Collarbone.

Brachium

Arm.

Antebrachium

Forearm.

Cubital fossa

The triangular depression on the anterior elbow.

Carpals

Eight wrist bones.

Metacarpals

Five bones of the hand between wrist and fingers.

Phalanges

Finger bones.

Thigh

Femoral region of the leg.

Femoral

Relating to the thigh.

Leg (crus)

Area from knee to ankle; the leg proper.

Crus

Leg region between knee and ankle.

Tarsals

Seven ankle bones.

Metatarsals

Foot bones between tarsals and phalanges.

Popliteal fossa

Diamond-shaped area behind the knee.

Anatomical Position

Body is erect; head, eyes, and toes forward; limbs at sides; palms facing forward.

Anterior (ventral)

Front of the body.

Posterior (dorsal)

Back of the body.

Superficial

Near the surface.

Deep

Away from the surface; internal.

Internal

Toward the inside.

External

Toward the outside.

Vertical

Upright orientation.

Horizontal

Perpendicular to vertical; level.

Median plane

Plane that divides the body into left and right halves.

Sagittal plane

Plane parallel to the median plane; divides into left and right portions.

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Plane that divides the body into front and back halves.

Horizontal (Transverse) plane

Plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or trunk.

Distal

Farthest from the point of attachment.

Radial

Relating to the radius bone (thumb side of forearm).

Ulnar

Relating to the ulna (pinky side of forearm).

Tibial

Relating to the tibia (shinbone).

Fibular

Relating to the fibula.

Dorsum

Top surface of the foot or hand.

Plantar

Sole of the foot.

Hallux

Big toe.

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint.

Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones at a joint.

Adduction

Toward the midline of the body.

Abduction

Away from the midline of the body.

Circumduction

Circular movement describing a cone.

Rotation

Movement about a long axis.

Supination

Palms up; forearm rotated laterally.

Pronation

Palms down; forearm rotated medially.

Protraction

Forward movement of a body part.

Retraction

Backward movement of a body part.

Inversion

Turning the sole inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole outward.

Dorsiflexion

Extension of the foot at the ankle.

Plantar flexion

Flexion of the foot at the ankle (tiptoes downward).

Talocrural joint

Ankle joint where dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur.

Talocalcaneonavicular joint

Joint where foot movements such as inversion/eversion occur.

Supination of the foot

Actions: plantar flexion, adduction, and inversion.

Pronation of the foot

Actions: dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion.

Epigastrium

Upper central region of the abdomen.

Right hypochondrium

Right upper lateral abdominal region.

Right lumbar

Right middle abdomen region.

Right iliac

Right lower abdominal region (iliac region).

Left hypochondrium

Left upper lateral abdominal region.

Umbilical

Region around the navel.

Left lumbar

Left middle abdominal region.

Left iliac

Left lower abdominal region.

Hypogastrium

Lower central abdominal region.

Lobes of the breast

15–20 lobes within the breast containing lobules.

Lactiferous ducts

Ducts that carry milk from lobes to the nipple.

Lactiferous sinus (ampulla)

Expanded duct region near the nipple where milk collects.

Nipple

Projection on the breast through which milk is released.

Areola

Pigmented area around the nipple.

Areolar glands (Montgomery glands)

Oil-secreting glands in the areola to protect the nipple.

Cooper’s ligaments (suspensory ligaments)

Fibrous connective tissue that supports the breast.

Superficial fascia

Fatty layer surrounding the breast within the skin.

Alveoli

Milk-producing glands at the end of the ducts.

Pregnancy alveoli

Alveoli enlarged and prepared for milk production during pregnancy.

Prolactin

Hormone that stimulates milk production.

Oxytocin

Hormone that stimulates milk ejection (let-down).

Cephalic vein

Superficial vein running along the arm.

Deltopectoral triangle

An anatomical region between the deltoid and pectoralis major.

Pectoralis major

Large chest muscle.

Pectoralis minor

Smaller chest muscle beneath pectoralis major.

Serratus anterior

Muscle on the lateral thorax aiding scapular movement.

Intercostobrachial nerve (T2)

Nerve supplying the inner aspect of the arm.

Intercostal nerves (T3–T5)

Nerves that run between ribs (segmental levels T3–T5).

External oblique

Muscle on the lateral abdomen.

6th costal cartilage

Cartilage of the 6th rib contributing to the rib cage.

Tail of Spence

Axillary tail of the breast extending toward the armpit.

Montgomery tubercles

Areolar glands around the nipple.