anat pre-quiz answers for exam 1

has endocrine , needs

which of theses statements regarding receptors is NOT true?

a. most plasma membrane-bound receptors recognize lipophobic hormones

b. receptors are usually proteins

c. the cytosolic or nuclear receptors are usually transcription factors

d. they bind hormones

e. the number of receptors for any hormone is usually fixed or constant

e. the number of receptors for any hormone is usually fixed or constant

which of the following statements concerning the hormone leptin is INcorrect?

a. it enhances reproduction in mammals

b. it is produced by cells of the adipose tissue

c. it reduces feed intake in mammals

d. it is a steroid hormone

e. its level of synthesis and secretion increase with improved nutrition and bodyweight

d. it is a steroid hormone

this hormone produced by the adrenal cortex regulates blood sodium and potassium levels

a. dhea

b. norepinephrine

c. cortisol

d. epinephrine

e. aldosterone

e. aldosterone

which of the following is not an endocrine structure or gland or organ?

a. heart

b. mammary gland

c. adipose tissue

d. pineal gland

e. hypothalamus

mammary gland

steroid hormones usually exert their actions by

a. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

b. finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity

c. increasing blood pressure

d. stimulating the synthesis of glycogen

a. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

the action of which hormone listed below is antagonistic to that of atrial natriuretic peptide

a. vasopressin

b. leptin

c. cortisol

d. epinephrine

e. aldosterone

e. aldosterone

which of these is NOT an important factor that controls aldosterone release?

a. plasma glucose concentration

b. acth release by the adenohypophysis

c. the renin-antiotensin mechanism

d. plasma concentrations of potassium

e. atrial natriuretic peptide

a. plasma glucose concentration

which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?

a. increase calcitonin levels will cause increased blood calcium levels

b. high calcium levels cause bone resorption

c. parathyroid hormone causes an increase in osteoblast activity

d. parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood

d. parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood

which of the following is NOT true concerning the region labeled “A” in the diagram above? (adrenal medulla)

a. its hormones enable an organism to deal with stress

b. it produces steroid hormones

c. it is called the medullary zone

d. its hormones are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine

b. it produces steroid hormones

hypersecretion of which of these hormones during childhood produces gigantism and in adulthood produces acromegaly?

a. ACTH

b. gh

c. lh

d. tsh

e. fsh

GH

inability to secrete adh or inability of this hormones target to respond to it causes this condition which is characterized by excessive thirst, polyuria and production of urine that is very tasteless. this condition is called

a. diabetes insipidus

b. type 1 diabetes mellitus

c. type 1 diabetes mellitus

d. diabetes mellitus

e. polydipsia

diabetes insipidus

which of the following is not an adenohypophysial hormone?

a. gh

b. acth

c. oxytocin

d. tsh

e. lh

oxytocin

which of the following statements regarding the thyroid gland is false?

a. t3 regulates basal metabolism

b. thyroxine, one of its hormones, is synthesized from tryptophan

c. t3 is the more active form compared to t4

d. iodine is important for the synthesis of thyroxine

e. calcitonin is also a thyroid gland hormone

b. thyroxine, one of its hormones, is synthesized from tryptophan

although thyroxine does not have any direct effect on reproductive development, in its absence, testosterone is unable to exert its maximal effect on the development of the reproductive system. in this situation, thyroxines actions can be described as

a. synbiotic

b. antagonistic

c. additive

d. synergistic

e. permissive

permissive

if the hypothalamic-hypophyseal stalk is completely disconnected or separated from the pituitary gland, the secretion of which of these hormones will increase?

a. prolactin

b. ACTH

c. lh

d. oxytocin

e. fsh

prolactin

a cell produces a chemical that goes into the extracellular fluid. this chemical does not enter the circulatory system and it acts locally on neighboring cells except the one that produced it. this chemical can be described as

a. autocrine

b. neurocrine

c. endocrine

d. paracrine

e. intracrine

paracrine

during periods of low plasma calcium concentration, the secretion of this hormone increases. which one?

a. calcitonin

b. oxytocin

c. vasopressin

d. parathyroid hormone

e. epinephrine

parathyroid hormone

the diagram above shows the interaction of a water-soluble hormone with its target. identify the component labeled “X” in the diagram.

a. receptor

b. adenylate cyclase

c. cAMP

d. G-protein

e. atp

d. g-protein

which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. there is a vascular link between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

b. the posterior pituitary is neural in origin

c. GnRH is secreted by the posterior pituitary

d. hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are synthesized in the hypothalamus

e. none of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland is a steroid

c. GnRH is secreted by the posterior pituitary

which of the following is not a symptom of type 1 diabetes?

a. hyperphagia

b. polydipsia

c. ketoacidosis

d. hypoglycemia

e. polyuria

d. hypoglycemia

several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. the mechanism of transportation to the anterior pituitary gland is through the

a. paraventricular nucleus

b. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

c. supraoptic nucleus

d. hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

e. general circulatory system

b. hypothalamo - hypophyseal portal system

this effector enzyme converts atp to cyclic adenosine monophosphate

a. adenylate cyclase

b. inositol triphosphate

c. phospholipase c

d. protein kinase

e. diacylglycerol

a. adenylate cyclase

eicosanoids do not include

a. prostaglandins

b. thromboxanes

c. hydrocortisones

d. leukotrienes

c. hydrocortisones

mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to

a. testosterone

b. cortisol

c. epinephrine

d. anp

e. estrogen

b cortisol

identify the peptide hormone secreted by your adipose tissue which helps to suppress food intake and also increase energy expenditure

a. renin

b. leptin

c. anp

d. insulin

e. cholecalciferol

b. leptin