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Osmosis is the __________ diffusion of water
Passive
Osmosis is important in determining _________
distribution of water in and outside of cells
Water can move directly through _________ due to _____ size
plasma membrane, small
Aquaporins
water specific transmembrane proteins; abundant in RBCs and kidney tubule cells
osmolarity
total concentration of solute molecules in solution
osmotic pressure
tendency of water to move into a cell
toncity
ability of solution to change in shape of cell due to movement of water, important to RBCs
Isotonic Solution
cells retain their normal size and shape
Hypertonic Solution
cells lose water and shrink
Hypotonic Solution
cells take on water until they become bloated and burst
Active transport requires ______
transport protein and energy input
In active transport the solute moves low to high concentrations ______________-
, “against the concentration gradient.”
There are two types of active transport ________________
primary active transport and secondary active transport
Primary Active Transport
-energy from hydrolysis of ATP, protein changes shape to move substance across membrane
Secondary Active Transport
energy comes from the substance moving down the gradient, “dragging” along the substance moving against its gradient
Contransport
moves two different substances in the same direction
Vesicular Transport” Endocytosis
moves solids and fluids into cell in vesicle (membrane bound sac)
Phagocytosis
cell engulfs large, solid molecule in phagosome, performed by macrophages
Pinocytosis
cell engulfs fluid and dissolved particles; routine activity performed by most cells
Vesicular Transport: Exocytosis
moves substance out of cell in secretory vesicle
vesicular transport , mechanism for secreting _______
hormones, nuerotransmitters, mucus, or ejecting waste
vesicular transport, secretory vesicle fuses with _______
cell membrane and ruptures, releasing contents into extracellular space
Note 
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