skeletal system, bone and joint classification, assistance in movement

main functions of bones (3-3)

1: support

2: protection

3: assistance in movement (provides leverage)

4: mineral storage

5: blood cell formation

6: triglyceride storage (fat)

what are the 6 bone classifications

1: long bone

2: short bones

3: flat bone

4: sesamoid (in tendons with lots of physical stress, friction, compression)

5: iregular

6; sutural

what sre some example for every kind

1- long: femur

2 - short: carparls (8/hand), tarsals(7/foot),

3 - flat: sternum, ribs, scaoula, occipital, parietal, frontal

4 - sesamoid: patellae

5 - iregular: hip bone (coxal), veryebrae, face bones

6: sutural: sutural bones in the skull

what do you call the layers of the long bones

oustide layer: periosteum

inner layer: endosteum

inner cavity: medullary cavity ( contains yellow bone marrow)

what are the regions of the ling bones

diaphysis: shaft/main part

epiphysis: ends of long bones

metaphysis: connects epiphysis and diaphysis and contains growth plate (epiphysial plate/line)

articular cartillage: covers epiphysis

types of bone cells

1: osteogenic - cell that will become a bone cell

2: osteoblast. - forms new bone tossue (immature bone cells)

3: osteocyte - mature bone cells (maintains bone tissue)

upper 3 are from bone cell lineage

lower one is from white blood cell lineage

4: osteoclast - functions in breaking down of bone cellls back into the blood (resorption)

bone tissue types

compact bone: dense outter layer

spongy bone: honeycomb like shape of building. air pockets inside

whats the osteon system

series of osteons form the(weight bearing pillars) osteon system, the weight bearing pillars of the compact bone. whole bunch of hollow tubes within themselves to form a compact tube, each tube has fibers in opposite direction from the ones around and within. each tube is called a lamella

types of lamellae (singular: lamella)

normal: the tube ones

circumferential: larger tubes that encircle about the entire diaphysis(shaft).

interstitial: the ones that fill up in between the gaps of the normal ones (gaps between circles )

whats at the center of the osteon

blood vessels connected horizontally to each othef through the perforating canal

whats the lacunae

small spaces containing osteocytes in between individual lamellae in the osteon

what do you call hairlike canals connecting lacunae to central canal

canaliculi

whats are trabeculae

in the spongy bone they are thin interconnection netwrok of bones that form that honeycomb/bubbly structure of the spongy bone. they line up aling lines of stree for example the trabeculae of an athlete will be stronger

what is the main passageway to let in blood to the bone

nutrient foramen lets in the nutrient vein and artery

red vs yellow bone marrow

red; blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) primarily in spongy bone

yellow: stores fats in meduallary cavity

whats bone remodelling

resorbtion through osteoclast and rebuilds new bone cells through osteoblast

what is bone deposit

rebuilding when bone is injured

resorption vs absorption

resorption: breaking down the bone to then absorb it, reclaiming substances from within.

absorption: from outside

whats osteoporosis

when the resorption is greater than formation. degrades bones. osteoclast activity > osteoblast activity

2 types of fracture for this class

closed: skin intact

open: bonek breaks through skin