History and Foundations of Social Casework

Practice flashcards covering the history, professional evolution, Philippine context, philosophy, and core concepts of social casework based on lecture notes.

Juan Luis de Vives

A Spanish humanist and philosopher regarded as one of the earliest advocates of individualization in helping the poor through rehabilitation rather than passive charity.

Reverend Thomas Chalmers

A Scottish clergyman who introduced parochial relief and developed the Principle of Investigation which emphasized individual case assessment and local resource mobilization.

Principle of Investigation

A principle developed by Reverend Thomas Chalmers emphasizing thorough individual case investigation and the involvement of family, friends, and neighbors.

Charity Organization Society (COS)

An organization established in England in 1869 that opposed public poor relief, encouraged moral reform, and developed early principles of needs assessment.

Friendly Visitors

Volunteers, often middle- or upper-class women, who provided companionship and moral guidance to poor families as part of the COS strategies.

American COS 4-Step Helping Process

A systematic process consisting of Registration, Investigation, Cooperation, and Friendly Visiting.

Mary Ellen Richmond

The widely recognized founder of professional social casework and author of the influential books Social Diagnosis (1917) and What is Social Work? (1922).

Social Diagnosis

A 1917 publication by Mary Ellen Richmond that outlined systematic methods of assessment and introduced the use of interviews and evidence in social work.

Richmond's Casework Trilogy

The three-stage clinical process consisting of Gathering Social Evidence, Social Diagnosis, and Treatment/Intervention.

Functional Approach

A theoretical approach proposed by Julia Jessie Taft grounded in a psychology of growth and the belief in human capacity for change rather than pathology.

Diagnostic Approach

An approach proposed by Gordon Hamilton that emphasizes individualized and dynamic social diagnosis and understanding client behavior and mental processes.

Psychosocial Approach

An approach associated with Florence Hollis that focuses on mobilizing strengths from both personality and environment to enhance social functioning.

Felix Biestek

A scholar who in 1957 introduced the Seven Principles of the Casework Relationship, including individualization, confidentiality, and client self-determination.

Helen Harris Perlman

Author of Social Casework: A Problem-Solving Process, who defined the problem-solving components as Person, Place, Professional, and Process.

Ecological Paradigm

A practice framework developed by Wittaker, Schinke, and Gilchrist that stresses the person-in-environment (PIE) perspective.

Associated Charities of Manila

Founded in 1917, it is considered the "Mother" of the social work profession in the Philippines.

Josefa Jara Martinez

The first Filipina professional social worker and executive secretary of the Associated Charities of Manila who localized American casework methods.

Almoner system

A system adopted from England by San Lazaro Hospital in 1949 which involved placing trained social workers within hospitals to aid indigent patients.

Republic Act 747

A 1962 Philippine law that legalized the use of socio-economic status as a criterion for medical assistance and created formal social work positions in hospitals.

Self-Realization

A core social work value which holds that every person has the potential for growth and fulfillment.

Social Functioning

The expression of interaction between a person and their environment, focusing on how people manage daily roles and alleviate distress.

Person-in-situation

The social work concept where a client is viewed not in isolation but within the context of their specific circumstances and environment.

Role Reciprocity

The concept that every social role has a complementary role, such as teacher–student or husband–wife.

Bio-Psycho-Social Being

A view of the client as a whole person composed of interacting physical health (biological), mental and coping abilities (psychological), and social relationship aspects.

Ego

In Freud's structural theory, the rational self that operates on the reality principle and mediates between internal drives and the external world.

Problems of Social Transition

A typology of problems described by Reid and Epstein involving abrupt life changes such as death of a spouse, migration, or career changes.

Reactive Emotional Distress

Emotional responses like anxiety, depression, and grief that occur as a reaction to stressful life events.

The Problem of Being a Client

A specific difficulty where a client feels ashamed, demoralized, or humiliated for having to seek professional help.