Nervous System Study Guide Flashcards

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the nervous system, based on the study guide provided.

Sensory Input

The function of the nervous system that detects changes inside and outside the body using receptors.

Integration

The function of the nervous system that processes and interprets sensory input and makes decisions.

Motor Output

The function of the nervous system that responds by activating muscles or glands (effectors).

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.

Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system associated with 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system associated with 'rest and digest' functions.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse.

Action Potential

An electrical signal that travels along a neuron.

Axodendritic Synapse

A type of synapse where an axon connects to a dendrite.

Electrical Synapse

A fast synapse that allows ions to flow directly between cells.

Gray Matter

Contains neuron cell bodies and is found in the cerebral cortex.

White Matter

Contains myelinated axons and connects different areas of the brain.

Limbic System

Emotional center of the brain involved in memory and behavior.

Reticular Formation

Regulates consciousness, alertness, and sleep-wake cycles.

Reflex Arc

The pathway followed during a reflex action involving a receptor, sensory neuron, an integrating center, a motor neuron, and an effector.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that coordinates movement and balance.

Vagus Nerve

Cranial nerve responsible for autonomic control of thoracic and abdominal organs.

Hypothalamus

Part of the diencephalon that maintains homeostasis and controls hormones.

Cranial Nerve VII

Facial nerve that controls facial expression and taste.

Dura Mater

The outermost tough layer of the meninges.

Pia Mater

The innermost delicate layer of the meninges that clings to the spinal cord.

Epineurium

The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a nerve.