Lecture 1: Intro to Health & Disease in Individual & Populations

What are the social determinants of health?

environment, animal, human

What are the big three aspects of the one health definition?

global context, culture, economics

Of emerging and reemerging infections, what percentage is vector-borne or zoonotic?

70%

What are the three factors of the epidemiologic triad?

agent, host, environment

What do the three factors of the epidemiologic triad determine?

disease potential

________ is when infectious agents multiply rapidly to high levels.

amplification

What does spillover require in humans to sustain human transmission?

amplification

What are reasons we are seeing emerging disease?

• pollution and global warming

• land use change near the confluence of the Parana and Iguazu Rivers, Brazil

• food production

• world population growth

• urbanization

• global trade & travel

• disasters and conflict

• antibiotic resistance

• immunocomprimization

What are the two main reasons we are seeing emerging diseases?

1. land use and ecosystem changes

2. climate and weather