3.2 Innate Immunity Practice Questions

First line of defense against infection

skin

Antimicrobial enzyme found in tears and saliva

lysozyme

Your innate immunity is made up of the second and third lines of defense

False

Mechanisms that are part of the second line of defense

fever; Complement System; macrophages; inflammation

Physical factors in the first line of defense

vomiting; earwax; urine; ciliary escalator; skin; mucus

Not a chemical factor in the first line of defense

interferons

Role of lymph in first line of defense

carries microbes to lymph nodes where phagocytic and immune cells are located

Antigen as surface protein or marker

True

Marker on pathogens that phagocytes bind to

pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

Formed elements found in blood

erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets

White blood cells functioning mainly in phagocytosis

neutrophils

Basophils function

Used in the innate immune response to release histamines that cause inflammation

Eosinophils function

Used in the innate immune response to kill parasites (some phagocytic activity)

Dendritic cells function

Functions in both the innate and adaptive immune systems via phagocytosis and helps with antigen presentation to T-cells

Macrophages function

Function in both the innate and adaptive immune systems and are the precursor to macrophages. They can circulate or be stationary

Neutrophils function

Function in both the innate and adaptive immune systems and primarily function in phagocytosis

Natural killer cells function

Functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses to kill cells "infected" with viruses or cancer

Plasma cells (B-cells) function

Function in the adaptive immune response (humoral immunity) by producing antigen-specific antibodies

T-cells function

Function in the adaptive immune response (cellular-immunity) to destroy infected cells

Natural order of inflammatory response

cell damage; vasodilation & release of cytokines; phagocytosis; tissue repair

Movement of macrophages toward injury

chemotaxis and margination

Action of macrophages squeezing through endothelial cells

diapedesis

Compartment/system that allows ECF to return to circulation

lymphatic system

Part of body controlling temperature (fever)

Hypothalamus

Steps causing a fever

Monocyte binds and internalizes an antigen; Activated monocyte releases cytokines (like PGE and IL-1); Prostaglandins activate the hypothalamus endothelium; Hypothalamus is triggered to elevate the temperature set-point; Body changes occur that elevate work to elevate body temperature (vasoconstriction and shivering); Fever is achieved

Iron-binding proteins protect endogenous iron

True

Function not performed by interferons

prevents binding of bacterial cells to the cell membrane

Complement system is part of the line of defense

second

Way complement system is not activated

interferons on pathogens membranes

Outcome not part of complement system

chemotaxis

Opsonization coats pathogens to facilitate phagocytosis

True

Examples of iron-binding proteins to stop bacterial infections

transferrins; lactoferrins; hemoglobin

Not true of complement system

all initiator proteins are synthesized in the liver

Incorrect complement protein-effect pairing

C3a - agglutination

Stages of phagocytosis

Chemotaxis; Adherence; Ingestion; Digestion

Two most common effects of cytokines that promote inflammation

vasodilation; increased permeability of blood vessels