Anatomy exam 4

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing.

External respiration

Process in the lungs where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.

Internal respiration

Cellular level process where oxygen is used for cellular respiration and carbon dioxide is produced.

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic disorder affecting lungs and digestive system, causing thick mucus production.

Asthma

Chronic respiratory condition with airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath.

Emphysema

Lung condition with damaged air sacs, making breathing difficult, often caused by smoking.

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, causing airflow blockage and breathing problems.

Surfactant

Substance lowering surface tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid.

Left Lung vs

Left lung has two lobes, accommodates heart; right lung has three lobes, larger due to liver's position.

Digestion Process

Ingestion, Mechanical Digestion, Chemical Digestion, Absorption, Elimination.

Enzymes

Biological molecules acting as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Peristalsis

Coordinated muscle contractions propelling food through the digestive tract.

Segmentation

Small intestine process mixing food with digestive juices to enhance absorption.

Filtration Process in Urinary System

Blood enters kidneys, filtration in glomerulus, reabsorption, urine concentration, and excretion.

pH levels in the blood

Normal range is 7.35 to 7.45, crucial for bodily functions.

ADH

Antidiuretic Hormone regulating water balance by controlling water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Aldosterone

Hormone regulating sodium and potassium levels by acting on the kidneys.

RAAS

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulating blood volume, electrolyte balance, and vascular resistance.

Female Reproductive Organs

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.

Male Reproductive Organs

Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, and penis.