NCMA219 OB LEC: BSN 2ND YEAR 2ND SEMESTER PRELIM 2022

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from lecture notes on genetics, high-risk pregnancies, bleeding disorders, labor complications, postpartum issues, reproductive problems, RA 9262, autosomal and X-linked inheritance, and gestational conditions.

Genetic disorders

Disorders that can be passed from one generation to the next (namamana).

Cytogenetics

The study of chromosomes by light microscopy and the method by which chromosomal aberrations are identified.

Genes

Basic unit of heredity; Made up of DNA.

DNA

Basis of heredity; RNA – synthesizes protein for cellular growth, supports DNA growth and heredity.

Phenotype

Outward appearance of a person.

Genotype

A person’s actual gene composition of person.

Genome

Complete set of genes. Example: 46XX or 46XY (46 – no. Of chromosomes: XX – gender, 46XX – it has 46 chromosomes and it’s a female)

Homozygous

A person who has two like genes for a trait—two healthy genes, for example (one from the mother and one from the father)—on two like chromosomes.

Heterozygous

If the genes differ - r (a healthy gene from the mother and an unhealthy gene from the father, or vice versa), the person is said to be heterozygous for that trait.

Autosomal dominant inheritance

A single copy of the disease-associated mutation is enough to cause the disease; located on one of the numbered, or nonsex, chromosomes.

Autosomal recessive inheritance

A genetic condition can occur when the child inherits one copy of a mutated (changed) gene from each parent.

X-linked Dominant inheritance

Occurs when a gene responsible for a trait or disorder is located on the X chromosome. Dominant Gene – All individuals with are affected.

X-linked Recessive Inheritance

X-linked recessive diseases most often occur in males. Males have only one X chromosome.

Polygenic Traits Multi Factorial Inheritance

Occur from multiple gene combinations possibly combined with environmental factors; Do not follow the mendelian laws.

Imprinting

Refers to the differential expression of genetic material; allows researchers to identify whether chromosomal material comes from the male or female parent.

Nondisjunction

Division of chromosomes is uneven; failure to separate. Abnormalities occur if the division is uneven.

Deletion Abnormalities

Part of a chromosome breaks during cell division resulting to normal number of chromosomes plus or minus an extra portion of a chromosome.

Translocation abnormalities

A child gains additional chromosome through another route.

Isochromosomes

Results from chromosome accidentally dividing not by vertical separation but by horizontal one so a new chromosome with mismatched long and short arms

Mosaicism

Abnormal condition that is present when the nondisjunction disorder occurs after fertilization of the ovum as the structure begins mitotic division.

Genetic Counselling

Provide concrete, accurate information about the process of inheritance and inherited disorders; Allow people who are affected by inherited disorders to make informed choice about future reproduction.

High-Risk Pregnancy

Pregnancies with risk factors including demographic factors, socioeconomic status, obstetric history, current OB status, maternal medical history/status, and habits/habituation.

Ultrasonography

Uses high frequency sound waves to detect intra-body structures. Non-invasive.

Amniocentesis

Aspiration of amniotic fluid. 15-30 ml. Invasive procedure. Determines chromosomal defect, Neural tube defects, Fetal lung maturity

Non-stress test

Observation of FHR related to fetal movements. 30-32nd week.

Contraction stress test

To determines reaction of FHR to uterine contraction. 34-36 week.

Biophysical profile

Includes Fetal breathing, Fetal movement, Fetal tone, Reactivity of FHR – kasama ang nonstress test &Amniotic fluid volume.

X-ray: Lateral Pelvimetry

Used to assess the dimension of the maternal pelvis.

Serial estriol-determination

Measure fetoplacental wellbeing. Normal: 12-50 mg/day at term

Chorionic villi sampling

10-12th week of pregnancy; Purpose: to determine chromosomal defect. Most common: down syndrome.

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

Kumukuha ng blood coming from umbilical cord;Cord blood is aspirated and tested.

Republic Act 9262

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children; Refers to any act or a series of acts committed by an intimate partner. Against a woman who is his wife, former wife.

Protection Order

An order issued under this act for the purpose of preventing further acts of violence against a woman or her child and granting other necessary grief.

Barangay Protection Orders

Refer to the protection order issued by the Punong Barangay ordering the perpetrator to desist from committing acts under Sec. 5 (a) and (b) of this Act.

Temporary Protection Orders

Refers to the protection order issued by the court on the date of filing of the application after ex parte determination that such order should be issued.

Permanent Protection Order

Refers to protection order issued by the court after notice and hearing. The court shall not deny the issuance of protection order on the basis of the lapse of time between the act of violence and the filing of the application.

First trimester bleeding

Abortion; ectopic pregnancy

Second trimester bleeding

Hydatidiform more (H-more)/ GTD; incompetent cervical Os; Abortion

Third trimester bleeding

Placenta previa; abruptio placenta

Abortion

Termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches the period of viability

Ectopic Pregnancy

An implantation that occurs outside the uterine cavity. (extrauterine)

Hydatidiform Mole

Molar Pregnancy or GTD (Gestational Trophoblastic Disease); Abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of the trophoblastic villi.

Incompetent cervix

Premature Cervical Dilatation/premature dilatation cervical os; Small cervix but has important role in pregnancy – is to remain close while caring the weight of the baby and amniotic fluid.

Abruptio-Placenta

Sudden or early separation of the placenta from the uterus. (premature and abrupt).

Placenta Previa

Location of implantation inside the uterus. (bukana);Implemented in the lower uterine segment

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Classification: Gestational Hypertension; Pre-eclampsia; Eclampsia; Chronic Hypertensive Client

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Pernicious or persistent vomiting; nausea and vomiting of pregnancy that is prolonged past week 12 of pregnancy.

HELLP Syndrome

A serious complication of severe PIH w/c occurs in about 10% of women w/ ↑ BP. Characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, and Low platelets.

Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy

Gavido Cardia; Cardiovascular diseases that cause difficulty during pregnancy include Valve damage (Rheumatic fever); Congenital anomalies; Coronary artery disease

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

An endocrine disorder in which the pancreas cannot produce adequate insulin to regulate body glucose levels.

Rh Incompatibility

Occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries a fetus with an Rh-positive blood type

Anemias of Pregnancy

A decreased amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body.

Dysfunctional Labor

Sluggishness of contractions, or the force of labor, has occurred

Hypertonic Uterine Dysfunction

Increase in resting tone to more than 15mmHg; Contractions occur frequently.

Hypotonic Uterine Dysfunction

The number of contractions is unusually low or infrequent (not more 2 or 3 occurring in a 10- minute period)

Bishops Scoring

Used for Induction and Augmentation of Labor. Parameters: Cervical dilatation; Cervical effacement; Fetal station; Cervical consistency & Cervical position.

Abruptio Placenta

Preterm Labor

PROM

Ectopic Pregnancy

Induction of Labor

Force labor. Use oxytocic

Uterine Rupture

Malpresentation

Fetal Macrosomia

Shoulder Dystocia

CPD

Postpartal Hemorrhage

Mastitis

Cystocele

Rectocele

Infertility