Complete Set: Endocrine System

Endocrine Gland

Define: gland that secretes hormones carried by the blood.

Exocrine Gland

Define: gland that secreted hormones into ducts

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Thymus Gland

Pancreas

Adrenal Gland

Testes

Ovary

Proteins

Hormones are largely made of ___.

Amine

Type of hormone derived from amino acids and are synthesized in the adrenal medulla.

Amino Acids

Amines are derived from ____.

Adrenal Medulla

Amines are synthesized in the ____.

Peptide

Type of hormone that are short-chained amino acids found in the posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

Short

Peptides are ___-chained amino acids.

Hypothalamus

Peptides are found the the posterior pituitary gland and ___.

Steroid

Type of hormone derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble.

Cholesterol

Steroids are derived from ___.

Lipid

Steroids are considered ___ soluble.

Protein

Type of hormone with long-chain amino acids found in the parathyroid glands and anterior pituitary gland.

Long

Proteins are ___-chained amino acids.

Parathyroid Gland

Proteins are found in the ___ and anterior pituitary gland.

Prostaglandin

Type of hormone that has a local effect and only affects nearby cells.

Carrier

Steroids hormones are transported through the blood steam via ___ protein.

Target Cell

Steroid hormones disconnect from a carrier protein once reaching the ___.

Diffusion

Lipid soluble hormones such as steroids enter through the cell membrane via ___.

Cytoplasm

Steroid hormones combine with receptors located in the ___ of the cell.

Nucleus

The receptor-hormone complex moves from the cytoplasm to the ___ of the cell.

DNA Transcription

The receptor-hormone changes the ____ which in turns affects metabolism.

Metabolism

DNA transcription causes changes the ___ of the cell characteristic of the hormone.

Second Messengers

Nonsteroid hormones enter the cell using ___.

Cell Membrane

Nonsteroid hormones combine with receptors located in the ___ of the cell.

Negative Feedback

Many hormones are regulated by ___.

Hypothalamus

Define: a structure of brain located anterior and inferior to the thalamus with both neural and endocrine functions; produces & secretes hormones.

Pituitary Gland

Define: a pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose and directly below the hypothalamus; one of the major endocrine glands.

Pituitary Gland

The gland used as a connection between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Sella Turcica

The area in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

Infundibulum

The structure that connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus.

Vascular Network

The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary are connected through a ___.

Growth Hormone

Define: hormone that regulates the growth of the human body, protein synthesis, and cellular replication.

Hypothalamus

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Hypothalamus

Somatostatin is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Growth Hormone is released out of the ___.

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

Growth Hormone release is promoted by the hormone ___.

Somatostatin

Growth Hormone release is inhibited by the hormone ___.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Define: hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones like cortisol.

Hypothalamus

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone is released out of the ___.

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone release is promoted by the hormone ___.

Adrenal Cortex

The gland that responds to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone.

Cortisol

Define: hormone that helps to regulate blood glucose by promoting conversion of lipids and proteins to glucose.

Adrenal Gland

Cortisol is released from the ___.

Aldosterone

Define: hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption in kidneys.

Adrenal Gland

Aldosterone is released from the ___.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Cortisol and Aldosterone release is promoted by the hormone ___.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Define: hormone that regulates the activity of the thyroid gland.

Hypothalamus

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is released out of the ___.

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone release is promoted by the hormone ___.

Thyroid Gland

The gland that responds to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

T3

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone stimulates the release of __ and T4.

T4

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone stimulates the release of T3 and ___.

Thyroid Gland

T3 and T4 are released from the ___.

Cell Metabolism

T3 and T4 work to moderate ___ which is how cells make ATP.

High

High levels of T3 and T4 causes ___ metabolism.

Low

Low levels of T3 and T4 causes ___ metabolism.

Growth Hormone

T3 and T4 work with the hormone ___ to promote bone growth.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Define: hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of sex cells, or gametes, including ova in women and sperm in men.

Luteinizing Hormone

Define: hormone that stimulated the production of estrogens and progesterone by the ovaries and testosterone by the male testes.

Hypothalamus

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Follicle Stimulating Hormone is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Luteinizing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone release are promoted by the hormone ___.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

In females, the hormone ___ promotes the development of ovarian follicles.

Luteinizing Hormone

In females, the hormone ___ triggers ovulation.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

In males, the hormone ___ supports sperm development.

Luteinizing Hormone

In males, the hormone ___ stimulates the release of testosterone.

Prolactin

Define: hormone that promotes lactation in women.

Hypothalamus

Prolactin Releasing Hormone is released out of the ___.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Prolactin is released out of the ___.

Prolactin Releasing Hormone

Prolactin release is promoted by the hormone ___.

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone

Prolactin release is inhibited by the hormone ___.

Prolactin

In women, the hormone ___ promotes the development of mammary glands and milk production.

Prolactin

In men, the hormone ___ stimulates smooth muscle contraction.

Neurosecretory Cells

The hypothalamus and posterior pituitary are connected through ___.

Antidiuretic Hormone

Define: a hormone that causes the kidneys to release less water and results in decreasing the amount of urine produced.

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Antidiuretic Hormone is released out of the ___.

Kidney

The organ affected the Antidiuretic Hormone.

Antidiuretic

Define: to conserve fluid volume.

Diuretic

Define: to reduce fluid volume.

Hold

Antidiuretic Hormone triggers the kidneys to ___ water.

Oxytocin

Define: hormone that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Oxytocin is released out of the ___.

Oxytocin

In women, the hormone ___ stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection.

Gonads

Define: the testes in males and ovaries in females.

Testes

Gonads in males are called ___.

Ovaries

Gonads in female are called ___.

Gonadotropins

Define: hormones that regulate the function of gonads.