plants

Leaves alternating,

margins often crenate, and

veins pinate (feathered)

• Stipule (steunblaadjes) at

base of leaf

• Sepals & petals usually 5,

often with epicalyx

(bijkelk)

• Fruit: achene (dopvrucht),

follicle (kokervrucht),

sometimes berry

• Herbs, shrubs and (fruit)

trees

Rosacaea

Leaves usually alternating & compound

• Calix (kelk) ≥ 3 sepals, usually 5

• Corolla (kroon) ≥ 3 petals

• Many stamen (meeldraden)

• Fruits: achene (dopvrucht), follicle (kokervrucht),

sometimes berry (fleshy fruit

ranunculaceae

Stem usually square

• Leaves opposite, usually simple (not

compound)

• Aromatic

• Flowers bilaterally symmetrical,

usually false-whorls (schijnkransen)

• 5 (10) sepals, bell-like calyx

• 5 united petals, fused into corrola with

upperlip (2) and lowerlip (3).

• Stamens 4 (2 long, 2 short)

• Fruit: dry nutlet (4-delige splitvrucht)

Lamiaceae

Alternating leaves, leaf rosette

(at bottom)

• Flowers cruciform

• 4 sepals, 4 petals

• 6 stamens (rarely 4, 2 of 0)

• Hypogynous (bovenstandig

vruchtbeginsel)

• Fruit: silique/silicle (hauw(tje)),

separates into 2 or 4 segments

(valves)

• Fruits important for ID, beak

(snavel)!

brassicaceae

Leaves alternating, compound, stipules (steunblaadjes)

• Flowers bilaterally symmetric

• 5 fused sepals

• 5 petals; 1 large upper – banner(vlag), 2 adjacent -

wings(zwaarden), 2 lowest – keel(kiel) (boat-like)

• 5 or 10 stamens

• Fruit legume(peul), opens a long a seam on 2 sides

fabaceae

Leaves alternating, usually

compound, pinnate

• Aromatic

• Infloresence in shape of

terminal umbel (scherm)

• Calyx (sepals) small, 5

teeth, or absent

• Corolla 5 petals

• Bracts (omwindselbladen)

Bractlets (omwindselblaadjes)

• Fruit: 2-sided schizocarp/

(splitvrucht), often ribbed

or winged

apiaceae

Leaves alternating, sometimes opposite or in

whorls, simple (rarely compound)

• Small flowers, grouped in capitula (hoofdjes)

• 2 types of flowers: tubular (buisbloemen) or

ligulate (lintbloemen)

• Sepals 0, or pappus (hairs, teeth, bristles)

• Petals 5, fused into tube

• Fruit: achene-like cypsela (nootje), often crowned

with pappus

asteraceae

Leaves (usually) opposite,

simple (not compound),

margin entire

• Flowers bisexual,

sometimes dioecious

• (4) 5 free petals & sepals

• Petals (deeply) cleft

• Stamens (1-) 5-10 (-12)

• Infloresence forked in

dichasial cyme

(dichasium)

caryophyllaceae

Leaves alternating, simple,

entire

• Ochrea (tuitjes): 2 fused

sheathing stipules

surrounding stem

• Perianth (bloemdek): 1-2

similar whorls of 3-6 tepals

• Inflorenscence: multiple

small flowers, arranged in

loose raceme (tros)

• Fruit: achene (dopvrucht)

polygonaceae

Leaves alternating or

opposite, palmate to

pinnate, stipules

(steunblaadjes)

• 5 sepals & petals

• (5)10 stamens (in 2 whorls

of 5)

• Pink/purple, not yellow

• Ovules (vruchtbeginsel)

elongated into (long)

sterile beak (gesnaveld)

geraniaceae

Leaves simple, with

stipules (steunblaadjes)

• Flowers bilaterally

symmetric, bisexual

• 5 sepals & petals

• Lowest petal with

backwards directed spur

(spoor)

• Fruits: capsule with 3

valves (3 kleppige

doosvrucht)

violaceae

Leaves alternate, narrow,

simple (not compound)

• Hairy leaves

• Inflorescence (when new):

coiling shape (schicht)

• 5 sepals & petals, 5

stamens

• Petals fused into tubes

• Often with folds, scales or

hairs at throat of corolla-

tube (keelschubben)

boraginaceae

Leaves opposite, simple

(not compound),

apparently in whorls

(kransen)

• Sepals 0 or small, 4 &

fused

• Petals 4-5, fused into

(short) tube

• Usually white, creamy

• Fruit: paired nutlets,

berry or capsule (2-

delige splitvrucht of bes)

rubiaceae

Simple leaves,

sessile, basal

rosette

• No stipules

• Brownish spike-

like inflorescence

• Sepals (2-)4

• Petals 2-4 fused

into tube (2-4

lobes)

plantaginaceae, plantago

Leaves simple, without

stipules

• Flowers single

• Calyx (kelk) with 4-5

lobes, fused (no clear

upper/lower lips)

• Corolla (kroon) 4-5 lobed

petals

• Stamens outside corolla,

forming ‘victory’ sign

veronicaceae, plantaginaceae