Notes Geog 2 Natural resources land soil and water

Natural Resources

Materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain, such as land, soil, and water.

Land Use Pattern

The various ways in which land is utilized for different purposes, including agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization.

Soil

A thin layer of grainy substance covering the Earth, composed of organic and inorganic materials.

Humus

The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter.

Parent Rock

The original rock from which soil is formed through the process of weathering.

Soil Erosion

The removal of the top layer of soil, which can lead to soil degradation.

Soil Conservation

Methods aimed at preventing soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility.

Afforestation

The process of planting trees and vegetation to restore and conserve soil.

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Projects that create dams across rivers to store water for various uses, including irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control.

Water Pollution

The contamination of water bodies due to harmful substances, making them unsuitable for consumption.

Water Conservation

Practices aimed at reducing water use and ensuring sustainable water resources.

Methods of Soil Conservation

Practices such as contour plowing, terracing, crop rotation, and cover cropping that help maintain soil health and prevent erosion.