Pharm exam 2 study guide

what do adrenergic bronchodilators do?

Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to relax airway muscles ("activate to open").

what are adrenergic bronchodilators mainly used for?

Fast rescue therapy and asthma treatment.

what drug class is Albuterol?

SABA

what is the trade name of Albuterol?

ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil

what is the form of Albuterol?

MDI, Neb

what is the dosage of Albuterol?

MDI 90 mcg/puff: 2 puffs q4–6h; Neb 2.5 mg q6–8h

what are the common side effects of Albuterol?

Tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, ↓K+

what are the clinical indications for Albuterol?

Rescue for acute bronchospasm; pre-exercise prevention

what drug class is Levalbuterol?

SABA

what is the trade name of Levalbuterol?

Xopenex

what is the form of Levalbuterol?

MDI, Neb

what is the dosage of Levalbuterol?

MDI 45 mcg/puff: 2 puffs q4–6h; Neb 0.31–1.25 mg q8h

what are the common side effects of Levalbuterol?

Tremor, headache, tachycardia

what are the clinical indications for Levalbuterol?

Acute bronchospasm; used if Albuterol causes side effects

what drug class is Salmeterol?

LABA

what is the trade name of Salmeterol?

Serevent Diskus

what is the form of Salmeterol?

DPI

what is the dosage of Salmeterol?

50 mcg q12h

what are the common side effects of Salmeterol?

Headache, throat irritation, tremor

what are the clinical indications for Salmeterol?

Long-term maintenance; not for rescue

what drug class is Formoterol?

LABA

what is the trade name of Formoterol?

Perforomist, Foradil

what is the form of Formoterol?

Neb, DPI

what is the dosage of Formoterol?

Neb 20 mcg q12h; DPI 12 mcg q12h

what are the common side effects of Formoterol?

Tremor, insomnia, tachycardia

what are the clinical indications for Formoterol?

Maintenance therapy for COPD or asthma

what drug class is Arformoterol?

LABA

what is the trade name of Arformoterol?

Brovana

what is the form of Arformoterol?

Neb

what is the dosage of Arformoterol?

15 mcg q12h

what are the common side effects of Arformoterol?

Tremor, chest pain, tachycardia

what are the clinical indications for Arformoterol?

Maintenance bronchodilation for COPD

what drug class is Olodaterol?

LABA

what is the trade name of Olodaterol?

Striverdi Respimat

what is the form of Olodaterol?

SMI

what is the dosage of Olodaterol?

2.5 mcg/puff, 2 puffs QD

what are the common side effects of Olodaterol?

Cough, dizziness, tachycardia

what are the clinical indications for Olodaterol?

COPD maintenance bronchodilator

what drug class is Vilanterol?

LABA (in combination)

what is the trade name of Vilanterol?

Breo Ellipta, Anoro Ellipta

what is the form of Vilanterol?

DPI (combination)

what is the dosage of Vilanterol?

25 mcg QD (in combination)

what are the common side effects of Vilanterol?

Headache, cough, throat irritation

what are the clinical indications for Vilanterol?

Maintenance bronchodilation in combinations

what drug class is Epinephrine?

Ultra-short acting adrenergic bronchodilator

what is the trade name of Epinephrine?

Primatene Mist

what is the form of Epinephrine?

MDI

what is the dosage of Epinephrine?

0.125–0.25 mL of 2.25% solution q3–4h

what are the common side effects of Epinephrine?

Tachycardia, hypertension, tremor

what are the clinical indications for Epinephrine?

Upper airway edema, stridor, occasional OTC rescue

what drug class is Racemic Epinephrine?

Ultra-short acting adrenergic bronchodilator

what is the trade name of Racemic Epinephrine?

Asthmanefrin

what is the form of Racemic Epinephrine?

HHN

what is the dosage of Racemic Epinephrine?

0.25–0.5 mL of 2.25% solution q3–4h

what are the common side effects of Racemic Epinephrine?

Tachycardia, rebound bronchospasm

what are the clinical indications for Racemic Epinephrine?

Croup, stridor, post-extubation edema

what do anticholinergic bronchodilators do?

Block the parasympathetic nervous system (acetylcholine) to prevent airway muscles from tightening ("block to stay open").

what are anticholinergic bronchodilators mainly used for?

Long-term control; COPD-focused maintenance therapy.

what drug class is Ipratropium Bromide?

SAMA

what is the trade name of Ipratropium Bromide?

Atrovent HFA

what is the form of Ipratropium Bromide?

MDI, Neb

what is the dosage of Ipratropium Bromide?

MDI 17 mcg/puff: 2 puffs q6h; Neb 0.5 mg q6–8h

what are the common side effects of Ipratropium Bromide?

Dry mouth, cough, blurred vision

what are the clinical indications for Ipratropium Bromide?

COPD maintenance; add-on for acute bronchospasm

what drug class is Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

LAMA

what is the trade name of Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

Seebri Neohaler, Lonhala Magnair

what is the form of Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

DPI, Neb

what is the dosage of Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

DPI 15.6 mcg BID; Neb 25 mcg BID

what are the common side effects of Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

what are the clinical indications for Glycopyrrolate Bromide?

COPD maintenance bronchodilator

what drug class is Tiotropium Bromide?

LAMA

what is the trade name of Tiotropium Bromide?

Spiriva HandiHaler, Spiriva Respimat

what is the form of Tiotropium Bromide?

DPI, SMI

what is the dosage of Tiotropium Bromide?

DPI 18 mcg QD; SMI 2.5 mcg/puff, 2 puffs QD

what are the common side effects of Tiotropium Bromide?

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

what are the clinical indications for Tiotropium Bromide?

COPD maintenance; asthma add-on controller

what drug class is Revefenacin?

LAMA

what is the trade name of Revefenacin?

Yupelri

what is the form of Revefenacin?

Neb

what is the dosage of Revefenacin?

175 mcg QD

what are the common side effects of Revefenacin?

Cough, dry mouth, headache

what are the clinical indications for Revefenacin?

COPD maintenance; once-daily nebulizer

what drug class is Umeclidinium Bromide?

LAMA

what is the trade name of Umeclidinium Bromide?

Incruse Ellipta

what is the form of Umeclidinium Bromide?

DPI

what is the dosage of Umeclidinium Bromide?

62.5 mcg QD

what are the common side effects of Umeclidinium Bromide?

Nasopharyngitis, cough, constipation

what are the clinical indications for Umeclidinium Bromide?

COPD maintenance bronchodilation

what do inhaled corticosteroids do?

Reduce airway inflammation for asthma control.

what are inhaled corticosteroids mainly used for?

Long-term asthma maintenance; not for acute rescue.

what should patients do after using an ICS?

Rinse mouth to prevent oral thrush.

what drug class is Beclomethasone?

ICS

what is the trade name of Beclomethasone?

QVAR RediHaler

what is the form of Beclomethasone?

MDI

what is the dosage of Beclomethasone?

40 or 80 mcg/act, 2 puffs BID

what are the common side effects of Beclomethasone?

Oral thrush, cough, dysphonia

what are the clinical indications for Beclomethasone?

Asthma controller; rinse mouth after use

what drug class is Fluticasone propionate?

ICS

what is the trade name of Fluticasone propionate?

Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus

what is the form of Fluticasone propionate?

MDI, DPI