Unit 2: Neuroimaging, Neuroplasticity and Neural development

Which neuroimaging plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
A) Axial
B) Coronal
C) Sagittal
D) Transverse

B

When viewing an axial cut of the brain, how are the left and right sides oriented?
A) Same as the patient’s left and right
B) Left and right are inverted (mirror image)
C) Only the left side is visible
D) The right side appears darker

B

An axial cut in neuroimaging divides the body into which portions?
A) Caudal and rostral
B) Anterior and posterior
C) Left and right
D) Superior and inferior

A

How is an axial cut viewed?
A) From the side
B) As if looking at the feet toward the head (left and right inverted)
C) From above looking down on the head
D) As if standing in front of the person (left and right inverted)

B

A sagittal image divides the body into:
A) Left and right sides
B) Anterior and posterior parts
C) Superior and inferior parts
D) Caudal and rostral parts

A

Which imaging uses X-ray beams to form images?
A) MRI
B) CT
C) fMRI
D) PET

B

MRI scans use which of the following to create images?
A) Gamma rays
B) Radio waves and magnetic fields
C) X-rays
D) Ultrasound waves

B

Functional imaging like fMRI and PET allows evaluation of:
A) Bone density
B) Metabolism and blood flow
C) Tissue density
D) Electrical conductivity

B

On a CT scan, which appears white?
A) Brain tissue
B) Air
C) Cerebrospinal fluid
D) Bone and metal

D

In CT imaging, brain tissue appears:
A) White
B) Light gray
C) Dark gray
D) Black

B

The term ‘hyperdense’ in CT scans means:
A) Lighter than brain tissue
B) Same intensity as brain tissue
C) Darker than brain tissue
D) Invisible on scan

A

CT is the scan of choice in emergency situations because:
A) It detects fractures and acute hemorrhages quickly
B) It has higher resolution than MRI
C) It avoids radiation exposure
D) It is more expensive

A

A limitation of CT scans is:
A) High cost
B) Radiation exposure
C) Long scan times
D) Poor detection of bone abnormalities

A

Contrast-enhanced CT uses which agent?
A) Iodine
B) Gadolinium
C) Barium
D) Technetium

A

Increased angiogenesis on contrast CT may indicate:
A) Tumor
B) Stroke
C) Infection
D) Normal brain tissue

A

MRI works by aligning which particles in the body?
A) Electrons
B) Hydrogen protons
C) Neutrons
D) Sodium ions

B

The brightness in an MRI depends on:
A) Density and mobility of molecules (proton relaxation)
B) X-ray absorption
C) Bone density
D) Electrical resistance

A

Which of the following appears dark on both T1 and T2 MRI scans?
A) Edema
B) Air and dense bone
C) Fat
D) CSF

B

On a T1-weighted MRI, CSF appears:
A) White
B) Dark
C) Gray
D) Bright

B

MRI is preferred over CT when evaluating:
A) Acute hemorrhage
B) Skull fractures
C) Soft tissue abnormalities like tumors and MS
D) Air pockets in the brain

C

MRI contraindications include:
A) Pregnancy
B) Age over 65
C) Metal fragments in the body
D) History of migraines

C

Which MRI type suppresses CSF signal but keeps edema bright?
A) T1
B) FLAIR
C) T2
D) DTI

B

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) is especially useful for detecting:
A) Tumors
B) Ischemia
C) Bone fractures
D) Hemorrhage

B

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) maps:
A) White matter tracts
B) Blood vessels
C) Gray matter activity
D) CSF flow

A

Gadolinium is used as a contrast agent in:
A) PET scans
B) CT scans
C) MRI scans
D) Ultrasound

C

A rare but serious complication of gadolinium contrast is:
A) Anaphylaxis
B) Stroke
C) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
D) Radiation sickness

C

CTA is best used for:
A) Chronic neurodegenerative diseases
B) Emergency neurovascular conditions
C) Evaluating soft tissue tumors
D) Measuring CSF flow

B

Catheter angiography involves:
A) Injection of radiopaque dye via femoral artery catheter
B) Noninvasive imaging
C) Only MRI technology
D) Using only X-rays without contrast

A

Which modality is least likely used as a first line for vascular lesions due to risks?
A) Conventional catheter angiography
B) MRA
C) CTA
D) Ultrasound

A

MRA without contrast differentiates:
A) Flowing blood and stationary tissue
B) Tumor and normal brain tissue
C) White and gray matter
D) CSF and bone

A

CTV and MRV are useful for detecting:
A) Skull fractures
B) Acute cerebral sinus thrombosis
C) Brain tumors
D) Muscle injuries

B

Functional imaging techniques measure neural activity indirectly by:
A) Measuring increased blood flow and metabolism
B) Inserting electrodes into neurons
C) Detecting electrical signals outside the brain
D) Measuring oxygen levels in muscle tissue

A

PET scans use:
A) Radioactive isotopes
B) Magnetic fields
C) Ultrasound waves
D) Radiofrequency pulses

A

PET scans can measure all except:
A) Blood flow
B) Glucose metabolism
C) Electrical neuron activity directly
D) Oxygen consumption

C

fMRI measures neural activity by detecting changes in:
A) Electrical signals of neurons
B) Oxygenated blood flow
C) Gamma rays
D) Bone density

B

An advantage of fMRI over PET is:
A) Use of radioactive isotopes
B) Noninvasive and no radiation exposure
C) Higher cost
D) Lower resolution images

B

Which imaging plane is viewed as if standing in front of a person looking at them?
A) Coronal
B) Axial
C) Sagittal
D) Transverse

A

Which tissue is hyperdense on CT?
A) Acute hemorrhage
B) Air
C) CSF
D) Edema

A

In MRI, flowing blood appears:
A) Dark on T1 and T2
B) Bright on T1 and T2
C) Bright on T1 and dark on T2
D) Dark on T1 and bright on T2

A

Which imaging technique creates 3D images of white matter tract orientation?
A) DTI
B) DWI
C) FLAIR
D) CTA

A

Contrast agents should be avoided in patients with:
A) Renal impairment
B) Mild headaches
C) Allergies to penicillin
D) Controlled hypertension

A