Lab 7 A

What is a pulmonary function test?

A non-invasive test that show how well the lungs are working.

What does a pulmonary function test measure?

Lung volume

Capacity

Rates of flow

Gas exchange

What are the 2 types of disorders that cause problems with air moving in and out of the lungs?

Obstructive

Restrictive

What is an obstructive disorder?

when air has trouble flowing out of the lungs due to airway resistance. This causes a decreased flow of air.

What is an restrictive disorder?

when the lung tissue and/or chest muscles can’t expand enough. This creates problems with air flow, mostly due to lower lung volumes.

Explain why this obstructed lung is overinflated?

In an obstructive disorder the lung appears to be overinflated because of air trapped inside, it is hard to fully exhale so air remains in the lungs longer.

Explain why the restricted lung is smaller?

There is limited air in the lung so it will appear to be inflated.

Label A- F

a. Tidal volume

b. Inspiratory reserve volume

c. Expiratory reserve volume

d. Vital capacity

e. Total lung capacity

What is this?

Spirograph

What is another name for spirograph?

Spirometer

What is the formula for minute ventilation?

TV x RR

What is the normal measurement for TV

500 ml—0.5 L

What’s the normal for MV?

5- 8 liters- 5,000-8,000ml at rest

What is the determining factor for hyperventilation?

When the MV is higher than 8l/8,000 ml

What is the determining factor for hypoventilation?

When the MV is lower than 5 liters/ 5,000’s ml

What is this?

Minute ventilation

What is wrong with this image?

There is an air leak that is not acceptable and you would have to stop that test

What is this?

This is an acceptable air leak, because it goes up to 60

What is this

Slow vital capacity

What is this?

This is an unacceptable SVC because the patient did not exhale out enough

What is this?

Forced vital capacity

What is the normal range for FVC?

80-120 %

Who is more likely to have a larger MVV, a lazy or an active person?

An active person

Is there a restriction issue if the FVC is = or> 80%

No, there is not a restriction issue

What is the name for the FEV1/FVC called?

Tiffenau index

What is the normal ratio for FEV1/FVC

70%/ 0.07

what is the obstructive disease ratio for FEV1/FVC

If the ratio is less than 70% then it would be obstructive (e.g COPD, asthma)

What is the restrictive disease ratio for FEV1/FVC

If it is greater than 80% then there is restriction (e.g Fibrosis)

List some obstructive disorders?

• COPD

• Asthma

• Bronchiectasis

What is an obstructive disorder?

• Reduction in air flow

• Shortness of breath in exhaling air

• When the air remains inside the lung after full expiration

List some restrictive disorders

• Interstitial lung disease

• scoliosis

• Neuromuscular cause

• Marked obesity

What is a restrictive disorder?

• A reduction in lung volume

• Difficulty in taking air inside the lung

• Caused by stiffness inside the lung tissue or chest cavity

How can you determine an obstructive disorder using spirometry interpretation?

FVC nl or decreased

FEV1 decreased

FEF25-75 % decreased

FEV1/FVC decreased

TLC nl or increased

How can you determine an restrictive disorder using spirometry interpretation?

FVC decreased

FEV1 decreased

FEF25-75% nl to decreased

FEV1/FVC nl to increases

TLC decreased

what is this flow volume loop showing

Normal

what is this flow volume loop showing

Early small airways obstruction

what is this flow volume loop showing

Chronic obstructive disease

what is this flow volume loop showing

Fixed large airways obstruction

what is this flow volume loop showing

Variable extrathoracic large airways obstruction

what is this flow volume loop showing

Restrictive disease

What is this showing

Tiffenau index FEV!/FVC is normal

What is this showing

Obstructive disorder, spirograph/airflow loop

What is this showing

Restrictive disorder- Spirograph/airflow loop

What is this showing

Mixed lung disorder-Spirograph airflow loop

What is ATELECTASIS

A collapsed lung due to compression

What is pneumothorax?

Air buildup in the lungs

What is pleural effusion?

Fluid build up in the lungs

What is a sucking chest wound?

When air builds up in the space between lung and chest wall collapsing the lung

What is hemothorax?

Fluid in the blood that effects the pleural space

What is this?

Hemothorax

What are treatment options for hemothorax?

Observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion ( thoracostomy ) , nonsurgical repair or surgery

What does using supplemental oxygen therapy do to the body?

Speeds air reabsorption and lung expansion