Studied by 5 people
Quiz 10/28 (Thursday) & omitted some terms I am already good w/
Political culture
the dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, & values that define the relationship between citizens & government
Core American political values
Individualism
Equality of opportunity
Free enterprise
Rule of law
Limited gov
Individualism
belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves & for the actions they make
Free enterprise/laissez-faire
an economic system in which gov. intrudes as little as possible in the economic transaction among citizens & business
Rule of law
principle that no one (including public officials) is above the law
Political socialization
experiences & factors that shape an individual’s political values, attitudes & behavior
Political ideology
an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about gov & politics
Generational effect
the impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views
life cycle effect
the impact of a person’s age & stage on their political views
globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses & countries throughout the world
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
independent orgs outside of gov that work towards a public cause
Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
an entity created by a treaty involving two or more countries (ex world trade organization)
outsourcing
when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient b/c workers work longer hours
public opinion
the sum of individual attitudes about gov policies & issues
focus group
a small group of individuals assembled for a convention about specific issues
scientific poll
a representative poll randomly selected respondents w/ a statistically significant sample size using neutral language
weighting
a producer in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the population
sampling error
the margin of error in a poll which is usually calculated to plus or minus three percent
mass survey
a survey designed to measure the opinions of the population usually consisting of 1,500 responses
entrance survey
a poll conducted of people coming to an event
exit poll
a survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for & why
benchmark poll
a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate & determine which issues are important to voters
Tracking poll
a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign
random digit dialing
the use of telephone numbers randomly generated by a computer to select potential survey respondents
Question order
the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls
question wording
the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll
push polls
negative campaign tactic to push damaging portrayals of opposing candidates (w/ sometimes false or exaggerated info)
what is the most effective predictor of public opinion?
individual’s identification w/ a political party
how do elected officials use polls?
to shape how they present their policy decisions to the public
Political efficacy
belief that one’s political participation matters
Political ideology
set of beliefs about what should happen as a result of process of governance
right
something guaranteed that the gov cannot take away
privilege
something a person may obtain or receive but the gov can take away
command-and-control economy
economic policy in which gov dictates much of a nation’s economic activity, including the amount of production & price of goods
mixed economy
economic policy in which many economic decisions are left to individuals & businesses w/ the gov regulating economic activity
Gross domestic product (GDP)
the total value of goods & services produced by an economy
economic recession
a period of decline in economic activity, typically defined by two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth
consumer price index (CPI)
the cost of a fixed basket of goods & services over time used to measure the cost of living
fiscal policy
gov use of taxes & spending to attempt to lower unemployment support economic growth & stabilize the economy
federal reserve system
a board of governors, Federal Reserve banks & member banks responsible for monetary policy
monetary policy
a set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of $ in the economy
Conservatism
an ideology, favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regulations on business & less gov interference in the economy
liberalism
an ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of business and of the economy
Libertarianism
an ideology favoring very little government, regulation & intervention beyond protecting private property & individual liberty
Keynesian economics
gov economic policy should counterbalance a contraction by injecting more $$ into the economy
supply-side economics
emphasizes the demand of goods & services + the role of supply in fostering economic growth. Proposes lower taxes on individuals & businesses as the most effective tool to combat economic downturns
trickle-down economics
policies benefit the wealthy & it is unlikely these benefits will make their way to individuals not directly impacted by lower tax rates
Note 
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