WHII Unit 11 quiz 1

Pacifism

Opposition to all war

Hague Tribunal

Court created to settle disputes but had no power to enforce decisions

Why France was bitter

Lost Franco-Prussian War and wanted revenge + Alsace-Lorraine

Pan-Slavism

Belief that Slavic people share a common nationality

Why Russia defended Slavs

Russia was largest Slavic state and believed it must lead/defend Slavs

Powder keg of Europe

Balkans where ethnic tensions and land conflicts raised tensions

Why Britain felt threatened by Germany

Germany’s rapid industrial and naval growth

What countries competed for

Territory, raw materials, and colonies/markets

Militarism

Glorification and buildup of military forces

How military strengths were assessed

Nations compared armies, navies, technology, and weapons

What national security depended on

Military technology, skill, and readiness

Alliance (definition)

Formal agreement to cooperate and defend each other

Triple Alliance

Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary formed to stop French attack

Entente (definition)

Nonbinding agreement to follow common policies

Triple Entente

France, Russia, Great Britain

Francis Ferdinand

Heir to Austria-Hungary throne

How Ferdinand angered Serbs

Visited Bosnia, which Serbs wanted free from A-H, on symbolic date

Black Hand

Serbian terrorist group that plotted to kill the archduke

Where assassination occurred / who was blamed

Sarajevo, Bosnia / Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia

Ultimatum to Serbia

Allow A-H officials into Serbia to suppress movements and lead investigation

Serbia’s response

Did not agree to all terms

Germany’s promise to A-H

“Blank check” – full support

Serbia’s allies

Russia

Schlieffen Plan

German plan to beat France quickly before Russia mobilized

Why Britain declared war on Germany

Germany invaded neutral Belgium violating treaty

Why Schlieffen Plan failed

Russia mobilized fast; Belgium resisted; Germans pushed back at Marne

Battle of the Marne

French pushed back Germans; showed war would not be quick

Stalemate

Deadlock where neither side can defeat the other

Description of trenches

500-mile parallel trenches; barbed wire, mines, disease, rats, mud; no man’s land

Battle of Verdun

German offensive; lasted 11 months; ~500,000 casualties both sides

Battle of the Somme

Allied offensive; 5 months; 60,000 British casualties in one day; 1+ million dead; tanks first used

Modern weapons of WWI

Machine guns, artillery, poison gas, tanks, airplanes/zeppelins, submarines

Battle of Tannenberg

Russian retreat due to lack of supplies and weapons

Why Italy joined Allies

Promised land in exchange for switching sides

How Japan took advantage

Took German colonies in Asia during the war

Battle of Gallipoli

Ottomans cut Allied supply line to Russia through Dardanelles

Role of colonies in WWI

Allied powers seized German colonies and used their own colonies for troops and supplies