AP World Unit 2 - Networks of Exchange

Which three major trade routes dominated this period?

Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan

Where were the Silk Roads located & what goods did it prioritize?

Across Eurasia, luxury goods (Chinese silk/porcelain)

What was the housing innovation during this time period that increased productivity of Silk Roads?

Caravanserai (inns/guest houses), brought merchants from all backgrounds together

Which commercial/economic innovations took place during this time period?

Money economies (paper money), & new forms of credit (banking houses, bill of exchange), increase in trade

What effect did the Silk Road have on surrounding civilizations?

Led to rise of powerful cities (Kashgar), built around river & attractive stop for merchants

What type of goods were commonly traded in the Indian ocean?

Included textiles and spices/common goods more often cause of cargo hauls

Which technological/commercial innovations immerged in Indian Ocean trade?

Magnetic compass, astrolabe, new ship designs (junk, caravel), various forms of credit (economic)

Role of Swahili city states (Indian Ocean trade)?

Acted as brokers for goods such as gold, ivory, slaves, became Islamic and grew connected to Dar-al-islam (created Swahili language)

What was a cultural and social effect of Indian Ocean trade?

Establishment of diasporic communities: settlement of ethnic people in somewhere other than homeland

Who was Zheng He?

Sent by Ming dynasty to city states and spread technological innovations (Giraffe guy)

Why did Trans-Saharan trade expand?

Expanded due to transportation technology innovations: Camel saddles developed for larger loads of cargo

Example of empire in Trans-Saharan trade?

Empire of Mali: leader converted to Islam, grew extremely rich via taxation and gold (MANSA MUSA)

From which time period is this unit?

C. 1200-1450

Religious consequences of connectivity?

Transfer of religion such as Islam/Hinduism/Buddhism, Buddhism entered China via silk roads

Role of House of Wisdom?

Translated Greek classics into Arabic, preserving and building upon them - led to Renaissance

Main scientific/technological innovation (consequence of connectivity, led to new empires!)?

Gunpowder, invented in China, spreading into Muslim empires/eastern Europe

How did Hangzhou (China) become prosperous (rise of cities from connectivity)?

At the end of the grand canal and facilitated commerce, became extremely wealthy and urbanized

How did Baghdad fall (fall of cities from connectivity)?

Destroyed by connectivity from Mongol armies

Who was Ibn Battuta?

Young Muslim scholar, travelled Dar-al-Islam, took notes about places, people, rulers, and cultures

Two main environment consequences of connectivity?

Transfer of Crops (Champa rice), & disease (Bubonic Plague)

Which empire primarily facilitated and united trade?

The Mongols

Tech/cultural transfers and innovations of the Mongols?

Conditions for transfer of Greek/Roman medical knowledge & adopted the Uyghur script (written language)

Where were the spice islands?

Modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia