AP Comparative Government Unit 4
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42 Terms
Plurality
Most votes, but not necessarily a majority
Single Member District Plurality (SMDP)
an electoral system where a single candidate is elected to represent a district, requiring only a plurality of the votes
Proportional Representation (PR)
an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes they receive.
What is the implication of SMDP?
Two Party System
What is the implication of PR?
Multi Party System
Nigeria, Upper House Electoral System
SMDP
Nigeria, Lower House Electoral System
SMDP
Mexico, Upper House Electoral System
SMDP and PR (Combination)
Mexico, Lower House Electoral System
SMDP and PR (Combination)
Russia, Upper House Electoral System
Appointed by regional legislatures (not Elected)
Russia, Lower House Electoral System
½ SMDP and ½ PR (with 5% threshold)
Iran, Unicameral Legislature Electoral System
SMDP with some MMDand appointed members by the Guardian Council.
China, Unicameral Legislature Electoral System
Indirectly elected, elected at local level then selected
UK, Upper House Electoral System
Appointed
UK, Lower House Electoral System
SMDP
Multimember District (MMD) vs Single Member District (SMD)
MMD means more than one seat, vote for as many candidates as seats
SMD means one seat
Coalition Government
A government formed by multiple political parties that negotiate to achieve a majority in the legislature, often occurring when no single party gains an outright majority.
Runoff Election
A second election held to determine a winner when no candidate achieves the required majority in the first election.
Majoritarian System
Must win more than 50% of the vote, giving the leader a mandate to rule
Corporatist group’s main Interest
Support and promote the interests of the government
Example of a corporatist structure
School
Iran Plurality vs Majoritarian
Majoratarian
Mexico Plurality vs Majoritarian
Plurality
Nigeria Plurality vs Majoritarian
Majoritarian
Russia Plurality vs Majoritarian
Majoritarian
Majoritarian systems lead to…
runoff elections
One party system
One party allowed, no competition
Dominant Party System
Multiple Parties can win seats, but only one wins with high percentage of votes and has monopoly of power in governement
Two Party System
Two Dominant Parties compete, others may win seats but only two have real chance
Multi-party System
3+ Parties compete
Catch All Party
Parties that can gain support from group with different characteristics attracting support from diverse platforms
Pragmatic, allowing support from right and left
Often leads to dominant party systems
Patronage
Allows government officials to distribute government jobs and services in return for voter loyalty
Quid Pro Quo relationships between elected & voters
China, Party System
One Party
Russia, Party System
Dominant Party
Mexico, Party System
Multi-party
Nigeria, Party System
Multiparty
UK, party System
Two-party system
Iran, Party System
No parties
Social Movements
Multiple groups for one broad change
Less Structured
Short
Significant Impact
Interest Groups
Specific issues/narrow focus
Attempt formal communication with government
Structured and Stable
Pluralist Structure
Many groups that are separate and independent from government
Groups impact government
Bottom up approach
Corporatist Structure
Government sanctioned and controlled
Interest Groups are created by government
Top Down approach