Tissues Lec 3

Tissue

A group of cells, usually similar, which share

a particular function.

each organ made of tissues

Cell differentiation

Each cell changes its shape and parts to do its job better.

Every cell has a job that helps the whole body

Cells that are next to each other can work together

Once a cell changes for it’s job, it stays in the job

When microvilli are on the surface of the epithelial cells, it means…

Absorption and secretion take place there.

These cells are transportation specialists.

They are probably located along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts.

Two types of tissues

epithelium & connective

Two kinds of connective tissue

fibrous (proper) connective tissue

special connective tissue

5 Propper connective tissue

Adipose

Reticular

Loose

Dense regular

Dense irregular

Special connective tissue

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Muscle

Nerves

Epithelium

A sheet of cells that separate one region from another

Blood vessels in the connective tissue supply ____________ and __________ in the ___________

oxygen and nutrients in the epithelium

3 functions of the epithelia

1. To separate regions (skin, stomach linings, blood vessels, intestines, heart)

2. Form exocrine glands

3. primary tissue that protects underlying structures

Epithelia location

on top of connective tissue, attached by basement membrane

Basement membrane is made of ___________ __________

protein fibers

The only function of the basement membrane

attach epithelium to connective tissue beneath it

Epithelia get oxygen and nutrients from __________ in the ______________

blood vessels in the connective tissue beneath the basement membrane

The upper and lower surfaces of the epithelium are called…

The basal side (faces of basement membrane) and apical side (faces of lumen/space)

The two types of epithelium

Simple and stratified

4 types of simple epithelium

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

pseudostratified

4 types of stratified epithelium

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

transitional

Thinnest epithelium

simple squamous

The _________ ____________ has one layer

simple epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

flat cells that allow for diffusion of materials between cells

where is simple squamous epithelium found

kidney glomerulus and lungs

which epithelium is cube shaped?

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium allows for ____________

lots of material going from one compartment to another

simple cuboidal epithelium leaves plenty of _________ for ____________

plenty of room for organelles

the _____________ epithelium has one layer of regular shaped cells

simple columnar

the epithelium is found in the trachea

pseudo-stratified epithelium

goblet cells produce ________

mucus

the pseudo-stratified epithelium is found in the _________

trachea

the _____________ epithelium has cilia on it’s apical surface

pseudo-stratified epithelium

stratified epithelium has __________ _______ _______ layer

more than one

in a stratified epithelium, if the basal and apical cells are different shapes, the epithelium will be named after _________

the apical layer

the epithelium found in the region of the body with lots of wear and tear/abrasions is the ________________

stratified squamous epithelium

the two types of stratified squamous epithelium are ______________ and ____________

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in _________

found in thick, dry areas of skin

and is waterproof

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in ___________

moist skin

(lining of mouth/esophagus)

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium in the sweat gland

Two layers

Square-shaped

Almost no diffusion between them

Usually found in tubes associated

with glands

stratified columnar epithelium

RARE usually two layers

rectangular

allows for no diffusion between them

Stratified Columnar Epithelium provides protection in __________

portions of the pharynx, urethra, and anus

Transitional epithelium (what it can do and where it is found)

can stretch and change shape

found in the bladder

2 types of connective tissues

Fibrous (proper) Connective tissue

Special connective tissue

Functions of connective tissues

1) Defend from invasion by microorganisms

2) some protection for delicate organs (but

epithelium is primary tissue that

protects underlying structures)

3) Establish a structural framework for the

body

five types of proper (fibrous) connective tissue

1) Adipose connective tissue

2) Reticular (lymph nodes)

3) Loose connective tissue

4) Dense Irregular connective tissue

5) Dense Regular connective tissue

the ________ tissue has lots of adipocytes

Adipose Tissue

fat is stored inside the _____________

adipocytes

Lymph nodes are ____________ tissue

reticular

the __________ tissue is the least specialized connective tissue

areolar (loose connective tissue)

the __________ tissue’s main cell type is fibroblast

Loose connective tissue (Areolar)

Loose connective tissue (Areolar) is common in areas just deep to the ____________

epithelium

areolar (loose) connective tissue is formed by __________

differentiation of embryonic connective tissue

skeletal muscle is bound together by ____________ tissue

areolar (loose) connective tissue

characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue

lots of collagen fibers:

• Fibers have irregular position—no pattern

• Extremely strong in all directions

• Found in areas of body where strength is

needed:

-joint capsules

-deeper layers of dermis

characteristics of dense regular connective fibers

lots of collagen fibers—has a

pattern and run in same direction

Stronger than Irregular, but only in one direction

found in: Ligaments and tendons (they are not

muscle tissue)

tendons are ___________ connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue (NOT muscle tissue)

5 types of special connective tissue

1. Cartilage

2. Bone

3. Blood

4. Muscles

5. Nervous tissue

the main cell type of cartilage is _________

chondrocytes

Cartilage’s extracellular matrix is _______________

very dense collagen—almost solid

very rigid

avascular

The 3 types of cartilage are _____________. They are found in the ___________

1. Hyaline Cartilage (joints; most common)

2. Elastic Cartilage (ear)

3. Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)

Bone’s extracellular matrix is ______________

solid

full of minerals

bone’s main cell type is __________

osteocyte

blood’s extracellular matrix is ____________

plasma

blood’s main cell type is ______________

erythrocyte

the 3 types of membranes are ______________

synovial, mucous, and serous

synovial membranes

line the inside of fluid-filled joints

have cellular layers that are incomplete

• gaps btw adjacent cells

mucous membranes

covered in epithelium

involved in absorption and secretion

serous membranes

cover the heart & lungs

line abdominal cavity (reduce friction)

major functions of the serous membrane include (what do they produce?)

producing tiny amounts of TRANS U DATE on their opposing surfaces to reduce friction

inflammation of the serous membrane of the heart

pericarditis

inflammation of the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of the serous membrane of the lungs

pleuritis

besides shape, you can classify the epithelium by if it is __________ or _________

moist or dry

2 types of moist epithelium are

mucosa and serosa

mucosa epithelium secretes _________-

mucus

_____________ is an example of a mucosal epithelium

pseudo-stratified epithelium

serosa epithelium secretes ____________ secretions like ____________

watery secretions, like sweat

serosa epithelium is found

in parts of body that need lubrication

_______________ is an example of a dry epithelium

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

collagen is a type of ___________ __________

protein fiber

collagen is found in

all connective tissues )except blood)

collagen is made from ___________

fibroblasts

connective tissue is made of __________

collagen

____________cartilage has the most collagen

fibrocartilage

_______ is the best cartilage for resisting compression foxes

fibrocartilage

__________ connective tissue has the most collagen

dense regular connected tissue

most of the body’s collagen fibers are found in the _______

dermis

does collagen regenerate well?

no—it has very little blood supply

___________ gives connective tissue an elastic consistency

collagen

does collagen interfere with diffusion of materials from one area to another?

no

the main function of collagen is _______________

to provide support and elasticity for connective tissue

the 2 types of glands are

exocrine and endocrine glands

job of the exocrine gland

secretes substances into duct

duct empties secretion onto skin/lumen of body tube

job of endocrine gland

secretes hormones into blood

4 types of exocrine glands (based on type of secretion)

1) Serous Glands

2) Mucous Glands

3) Mixed Glands (serous + mucous)

4) Oil Glands

serous glands secrete….

Sweat (watery secretion)

mucous glands secrete…

Mucous (watery secretion)

oil glands secrete

Waxy and oily substances (no water)

mixed glands secrete…

Water and mucous (watery secretion)

Example of a mixed gland

Salivary gland

goblet cells are a ___________cellular gland

unicellular

3 types of glands (based on method of secretion)

1) Merocrine Glands

2) Apocrine Glands

3) Holocrine Glands