Homeostasis ( regulations )

What happens when water levels in the blood decrease?

1. water levels decrease

2. pituitary gland secretes more ADH

3. permeability of collecting duct and distal convoluted tubes increases

4. more water is reabsorbed into the blood

What happens when water levels in the blood increase?

1. water levels increase

2. pituitary gland stops secreting ADH

3. permeability of collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubes decrease

4. less water reabsorbed into the blood, more lost through urination

What happens when CO2 levels increase in the blood

1. Low pH detected by chemoreceptors

2. impulses sent to the medulla oblongata

3. diaphragm and intercoastal muscles - increased breathing rate

4. heart rate increases more CO2 removed from the body

5. blood CO2 levels fall, pH returns back to normal

What happens when you are cold

• vasoconstriction

• sweat secretion stops

• start shivering to produce heat as a by product

What happens when you are hot?

• vasodilation

• sweat secretion starts

How is temperature regulated?

1. stimulus is detected by thermoreceptors

2. sent to the hypothalamus

3. effectors being the glands

What happens when salt levels decrease?

1. salt levels decrease

2. adrenal secretes aldosterone

3. reabsorption of sodium ions increase

4. salt levels increase

What happens when salt levels increase?

1. salt levels increase

2. adrenal gland stops secreting ADH

3. re absorption of sodium ions decrease

4. salt levels decrease

What are the functions of the liver

• deamination of excess amino acids to form urea

• detoxifying poisonous substances

• break down worn out, old red blood cells

What are the functions of the kidney?

• Removal of waste products

• Filter poisonous urea out of the blood

What is type 1 diabetes

• pancreas dosent produce insulin

• genetic

What is type 2 diabetes

• due to lifestyle choice

• lack of exercise

What is a reflex action?

A reflex action is an automatic response

How does the nervous system coordinate the reflex action?

1. the receptor in the finger detects the stimulus

2. electrical impulses pass along from the sensory to relay neurone

3. nuerotransmitters are released, diffusing across the synapse attaching to the dendrite of the next neurone

4. it goes to the spinal cord

5. goes to an effector ( muscle/gland ) via the motor nuerone

What happens when glucose levels are too high?

• pancreas produces insulin

• glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles

• glucose levels drop

What happens when glucose levels are too low?

• the pancreas produces glucagon

• causes glycogen to be converted back to glucose

• released into the blood and glucose levels increase