Orgo 2 Reactions

Reduction of a nitro group

Oxidation of an amine group

Reaction of KMnO4 with alkyl benzene

Free radical halogenation of benzylic carbons

Clemmensen reaction

Wolff-Kishner reaction

Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic rings

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl aryl ketone

Synthesis of alcohol w/ SN2 rxn starting from alkyl halide

Anti markovnikov

Oxymercuration-demercuration

Hydration of alkene to yield alcohol

Formation of a syn diol

Mechanism of a nucleophilic substitution rxn

What is required?

Nucleophile attaches to the same carbon as the leaving group

There MUST be an EWG ortho or para to the leaving group to stabilize the intermediate

Mechanism of a benzyne intermediate formation

Requires high temp/pressure to form

Base can bond at either carbon on the end of the triple bond

Formation of Grignard reagent

Formation of organolithium reagent

Killing the Grignard

Rxn of Grignard with aldehyde or ketone (forms alcohol)

Rxn of Grignard with epoxide (forms alcohol)

Attacks less hindered carbon on epoxide

Rxn of acetylide anion with aldehyde/ketone and epoxide (forms alcohol)

Reagents used in reduction of carboxylic acid, ester, aldehyde, or ketone to alcohol?

Lithium aluminum hydride and sodium borohydride

Pathway from carb acid/ester to primary alcohol?

Ketone to secondary alcohol?

Mechanism of reduction of carb acid/ester to primary alcohol?

Same mechanism for ketone → secondary alcohol

Avoid using LiAlH4 if there is -OH, -SH, or -NH on starting compound

Main EAS rxns review

Bromination, nitration, alkylation, acylation

Sulfonation