Studied by 34 peoplechemical reactions
the creation or breaking of bonds
activation energy
the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
reactants
substrate- substances that are changed during a reaction
products
substances that are made by a chemical reaction
endothermic
absorbs energy (energy is stored as sugar, therefore endothermic)
exothermic
releases energy ie cellular respiration (energy is released when sugar is broken down, there fore exothermic reactions)
enzyme
type of protein that speeds up biochemical reactions, they are specialized molecules that bind to substrates and help to break or form bonds
active site
site on the enzyme where the reaction takes place
denaturation
enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape causing a loss of biological activity
function of enzymes
speeds up biochemical reactions
photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
endothermic diagram
energy starts low and then gains energy for a process and ends with more energy than before
exothermic diagram
energy starts high and increases for a process then decreases as it is released
what are the 5 things that affect the rate of a chemical reaction
temperature, pH, substrate concentration, catalysts, and competitive inhibitors
temperature
higher X increases the rate of reaction as molecules move faster more collisions occur
pH
how acidic a solution is; most enzymes only work at a specific X
substrate concentration
more X means faster reaction because there are more particle collisions
catalysts
speed up reactions (like enzymes)
competitive inhibitors
slow down reactions
lock and key model
enzymes can break bonds in a substrate to form two products or make bonds between substrates to from one product
describe the lock and key model
the substrate enters the enzymes activation site and comes out as the product
Note
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