NCE Sample Test B

d

The concept of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) is associated with

a. Section 504.

b. FERPA.

c. HIPAA.

d. IDEA

a

Acculturation level is LEAST influenced by

a. disability status.

b. number of years in the new country.

c. country of origin.

d. age at beginning of acculturation process.

c

Which part of the brain is least developed at birth?

a. Hindbrain

b. Midbrain

c. Forebrain

d. Thalamus

b

The ____________ was passed in response to the U.S.S.R.’s launching of Sputnik and sought to increase the number of trained counselors in secondary schools to raise the number of students enrolled in higher education that were pursuing math and science careers.

a. Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933

b. National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

c. Vocational Education Act of 1963

d. Smith-Hughes National Vocational Education Act

a

Wellness is

a. a state of complete well-being—physical, cognitive, and psychological.

b. the absence of illness.

c. easily achieved.

d. All of the above.

b

____________ is the name of the ACA division dedicated to group work.

a. American Group Psychotherapy Association

b. Association for Specialists in Group Work

c. National Group Work Association

d. American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama

c

This 19th-century pioneer is credited with recognizing that intellectual disability (at the time referred to as mental retardation) was related to developmental deficiencies rather than mental illness.

a. Edouard Seguin

b. Charles Spearman

c. Jean Esquirol

d. Arthur Otis

b

The ____________ design requires random assignment.

a. single-subject

b. true experimental

c. quasi-experimental

d. ex post facto

c

Parents of a 14-year-old girl who recently attempted suicide demand to be informed by the counselor about what the client is talking about during counseling sessions. The father says, “We used to be so close. Everyone knew Malika was a daddy’s girl. When I saw her in the hospital, I promised her I would never let her feel unloved or alone again. I should’ve known something was wrong. She shut us out. When you tell us what she says is wrong with her, then we can finally help her. I want to make things right again.” In this situation, the first thing the counselor should do is

a. inform the parents about what is discussed in the sessions because the parents hold the legal right to know.

b. tell the parents that the sessions are confidential and that their child holds the sole right to that confidentiality.

c. explain the importance of confidentiality to the parents and, if they still insist, try to seek release from the child before disclosing any information to the parents.

d. describe to the parents how the counseling relationship will suffer if confidentiality with the child is breached.

c

A person’s genetics and biology make up a person’s

a. culture.

b. acculturation level.

c. race.

d. gender role.

a

A teacher provides positive reinforcement every two times Katherine waits until she is called on to answer a question. What type of reinforcement schedule is the teacher using?

a. Fixed ratio

b. Variable ratio

c. Fixed interval

d. Variable interval

d

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the ethical use of career technology?

a. Career counselors do not have to inform clients of the limitations related to maintaining confidentiality when using career technology.

b. When using career technology, it is the client’s responsibility to ensure reasonable access to computer applications.

c. Career counselors do not have to verify their client’s identity when using career technology as doing so would result in violating confidentiality.

d. Career technology can be used to provide career information, vocational assessments, integrative career services, and databases of job openings

b

Positive client outcomes can be best predicted by

a. the counselor’s theoretical orientation.

b. the quality of the therapeutic alliance.

c. the techniques used to help the client.

d. the level of client resistance.

c

____________ may be an advantage of group work, rather than a challenge.

a. Pressure to conform

b. Breaking confidentiality

c. Power of the peer group

d. Reality distortion

b

According to the ACA and NBCC ethical guidelines related to testing and assessment, professional counselors

a. are obligated to inform clients of the intended purpose of the assessment results only when the results will be released to a third party.

b. do not need client consent to release test results when the results do not include any identifying client information.

c. should use only assessment instruments in which they are expert.

d. do not need to consider the multicultural limitations of the selected instrument when assessing a Caucasian male client.

a

A professional counselor tested a hunch that government counselors older than 60 years are far happier in their positions than their counterparts in private practice. The researcher interviewed 100 older workers from both occupations and found that indeed government counselors were happier than those in private practice in their later years. What additional information might indicate a history threat to internal validity?

a. The government counselors had recently received a raise.

b. The private practice counselors were from one geographic region.

c. Several of the participants did not speak English as their first language.

d. The survey was too long.

d

To become a National Certified Counselor (NCC), individuals must have done each of the following EXCEPT

a. passed the NCE.

b. achieved an advanced degree in counseling.

c. met the requirements for supervised experience.

d. worked with diverse clientele.

c

According to Albert Bandura, each of the following is a characteristic of an effective model EXCEPT

a. perceived as competent.

b. warm and friendly.

c. have demographic characteristics that are unlike the observer’s.

d. perceived as having a high status.

a

The ____________ prohibits employers from discriminating against a qualified individual who has a mental or physical disability.

a. Americans with Disabilities Act

b. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

c. Family and Medical Leave Act

d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

b

____________ is NOT one of the five factors in the Five Factor model.

a. Neuroticism

b. Consideration

c. Agreeableness

d. Extraversion

d

ASGW Best Practice Guidelines recommend that leaders do all of the following EXCEPT

a. conduct ecological assessments.

b. create groups that meet community needs.

c. put in writing the purpose and goals of any group they are running.

d. choose a leadership style and use it consistently with all groups.

c

____________ assessments are often used to determine admission into graduate education programs.

a. Achievement

b. Intelligence

c. Aptitude

d. Personality

a

A sampling technique in which participants have an equal chance of being selected for a particular intervention group is referred to as

a. random assignment.

b. random selection.

c. random probability.

d. random purposeful.

d

Advocacy counseling may involve each of the following EXCEPT

a. educating the public about the counseling profession.

b. intervening with organizations that have unethical or unfair policies.

c. working on behalf of clients to help them overcome barriers to their growth.

d. working with clients to interpret how dreams affect economic aspirations.

a

Maria works as a crisis counselor for a local agency. Although she enjoys her job, she finds herself worrying about clients after work hours and is often tempted to check in on her clients over the weekend. Her husband has told her that she is a workaholic and needs to relax more. He also thinks she doesn’t get paid enough and should spend more quality time with him and the children instead of fretting over her clients. Maria is experiencing

a. role spillover.

b. role congruence.

c. role conflict.

d. role overload.

b

An appropriate time to terminate the counseling relationship is when

a. the client is resistant.

b. the client does not improve after treatment.

c. the client progresses too slowly.

d. All of the above.

d

A ____________ group is most commonly found in schools.

a. task

b. counseling

c. growth

d. psychoeducational

d

The Joint Committee on Testing Practices published

a. Rights and Responsibilities of Test-Takers

b. Test User Qualifications

c. Fair Code of Testing Practice in Education

d. All of the above.

c

Dan has collected qualitative data on students’ attitudes toward substance abuse. After he completes an analysis of each student, he presents some of the key themes with quotes for each participant on a single page. What data management tool has he most likely used?

a. Case display

b. Document summary form

c. Contact summary sheet

d. Codebook

c

The first thing a counselor should do when administering psychological first aid is

a. connect individuals with family and friends.

b. connect individuals with helpful community services.

c. help individuals meet their primary needs.

d. build rapport.

a

“It seems like you are having trouble in your current relationship because you haven’t fully moved on from your past relationship.” This is an example of

a. an interpretation.

b. a confrontation.

c. a self-disclosure.

d. giving feedback.

b

Daisy first began seeing Dionne for her depression. She has been feeling much better since their last session when Daisy had a particularly powerful realization. She thought about how grateful she was for the counseling center, and knitted a doily that could be placed under the vase that decorates the agency’s counseling room. When presented with this gift, Dionne should

a. refuse to accept the gift.

b. consider the possible impact on the counseling relationship before accepting or refusing the gift.

c. only accept the gift if it is of small monetary value.

d. accept the gift to avoid offending the client.

d

In psychoanalysis, transference is

a. ignored.b.

b. sign of pathology.

c. discouraged.

d. encouraged.

a

____________ and ____________ values are the primary values that affect an individual’s occupational decision.

a. Work; cultural

b. Lifestyle; work

c. Cultural; family

d. Family; work

c

A client informs her counselor that she has been diagnosed with HIV and does not plan on telling her significant other, even though they are engaging in unprotected s3x. Her significant other often accuses her of cheating. She fears that if she discloses her HIV status then her partner will assume that she cheated and will physically abuse her. The counselor

a. is ethically obligated to keep the information confidential.

b. is ethically obligated to warn the client’s significant other, because the client is posing a serious threat to that person.

c. is ethically justified in telling, but not obligated to tell, the client’s significant other.

d. is legally required to warn the client’s significant other.

c

____________ is NOT a common psychoanalytic technique.

a. Interpretation

b. Dream analysis

c. Unbalancing

d. Free association

a

Validity can be reported as a(n)

a. regression equation.

b. internal consistency coefficient.

c. fraction.

d. standard error of measurement.

d

A counselor decides to use a technique with some of her clients that is not based in theory and does not have any scientific support. In this situation, the counselor should uphold ethical standards by doing each of the following EXCEPT

a. discuss any possible risks with her clients.

b. label the technique as unproven.

c. label the technique as developing.

d. wait until after the intervention to inform the clients so as not to bias them.

d

The neo-Freudian approach known as ____________ contends that, under certain circumstances, the ego is able to function autonomously without being influenced by the id or superego.

a. object relations theory

b. self-psychology

c. interpersonal psychoanalysis

d. ego psychology

b

Having benefits, prestige, and a general belief that one’s group is superior is termed

a. racism.

b. privilege.

c. ethnocentrism.

d. cultural encapsulation.

d

A counselor who has a Ph.D. in education refers to himself as Dr. Julian Lewis in advertisements for his counseling practice. The counselor in this situation is

a. acting ethically; it is true that he has earned a Ph.D.

b. acting unethically; counselors should never advertise their services.

c. acting ethically; counselors may represent themselves however they wish in advertisements.

d. acting unethically; the Ph.D. is not in counseling or a related field.

a

The ____________ phase of culture shock includes feelings of belonging to multiple cultures.

a. adaptation or resolution

b. crisis or disintegration

c. honeymoon

d. reorientation and reintegration

c

A mother pours each of her two children a cup of chocolate milk. Although each cup holds the same amount of liquid, one is taller and skinnier. The child who does not receive the tall, skinny glass starts crying because she is convinced that her brother received more chocolate milk than she did. Which cognitive developmental concept does this child have trouble understanding?

a. Reversibility

b. Centration

c. Conservation

d. Classification

a

Unlike a lot of other career theories, the theory of work

adjustment

a. is concerned with actual performance on the job.

b. considers the impact of gender and social class on career choice.

c. exerts that early relationships play an important role in an individual’s career development.

d. focuses on the career decision-making process.

d

The Adlerian technique known as ____________ helps clients understand that paying attention to positive thoughts, actions, memories, and feelings, rather than negative ones, is within their control.

a. catching themselves

b. spitting in the client’s soup

c. acting “as if”

d. pushbutton

c

Members in a(n) ____________ group normally have a DSM diagnosis.

a. encounter

b. counseling

c. psychotherapy

d. psychoanalysis

a

Valid test scores are

a. always reliable.

b. never reliable.

c. not credible.

d. None of the above.

a

How would you describe a relationship between a sample of counselors’ beginning and current salaries if the correlation coefficient was r = .88, p < .01

a. There is a significant positive relationship between beginning and current salaries.

b. There has been an increase in salaries for all of the participants.

c. The distribution of each variable is platykurtic.

d. There is a 1% chance of a relationship between beginning and current salaries.

c

A counselor decides to use an old version of a depression assessment with his clients. The assessment has had two substantial revisions since the version he wants to use was published, but the counselor does not want to spend money to purchase the newest version when he still has so many copies of the older one. In this situation, the counselor is acting

a. ethically as long as he gains the clients’ consent.

b. ethically as long as he purchases the new version when he runs out of the old one.

c. unethically because the test is outdated for the assessment of depression.

d. None of the above.

a

Peer mediation is typically used

a. in schools.

b. at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings.

c. when counseling divorcees.

d. when counseling the incarcerated.

c

The ____________ technique for improving memory involves guided visual imagery.

a. eidetic images

b. chunking

c. method of loci

d. All of the above.

b

According to Holland’s theory of types, congruence refers to

a. the degree of similarity between the six different Holland types.

b. the relationship between an individual’s personality and the work environment.

c. the level of distinctiveness between each of the six Holland types.

d. an individual’s ability to match his or her interests with work environment characteristics.

d

According to Jung, complexes involve each of the following EXCEPT

a. form around an archetype.

b. represent problems that must be worked through.

c. are repressed desires, thoughts, or impulses that combine in the unconscious.

d. judicious use of effective reinforcement schedules.

a

A volunteer group is run by a leader who has expertise in grant writing. The group members have little or no experience with grant writing but know how the program works and want to help. In addition, the group has very little time to complete the grant proposal. What leadership style would make the most sense in this situation?

a. Authoritarian

b. Democratic

c. Laissez-faire

d. Delegative

b

When using split-half reliability, a test developer must use the ____________ to ensure that test length does not affect the accuracy of the reliability estimate.

a. Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20)

b. Spearman-Brown prophecy formula

c. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha

d. standard error of measurement

a

A research design with at least one independent variable with three or more levels is referred to as a(n)

a. ANOVA.

b. MANCOVA.

c. chi-square statistic.

d. regression

b

Samantha has been counseling a young woman, Vera, who is considering having an abortion and is seeking Samantha’s support. Samantha feels exceedingly uncomfortable. When she was 17-years-old, Samantha had an abortion and regretted it. She should

a. seek consultation with a supervisor while working with this client.

b. refer the client to another counselor.

c. disclose her views to the client and give the client the option of seeking counseling elsewhere.

d. contact an ethics committee for advice.

d

A person who takes turns in a conversation is using

a. semantics.

b. phonology.

c. syntax.

d. pragmatics.

b

Dan has spent the past 30 years working full time for a manufacturing company. He recently decided to focus on his leisure activities and took a part-time position within the company. Dan is in the ____________ stage of Super’s lifespan, life-space career theory.

a. maintenance

b. disengagement

c. growth

d. exploration

c

____________ represents a decision-making function in Jung’s personality typology.

a. Intuition

b. Sensation

c. Feeling

d. Extraversion

b

Last week, a member of Yadilka’s group mentioned intimacy post-surgery. This week, she is interested in hearing the rest of the members’ thoughts on this topic. Yadilka may use the ____________ technique to accomplish this task.

a. pairing

b. making the rounds

c. linking

d. drawing out

c

When calculating the item discrimination for a test item on an achievement test, the test developer will want

a. more lower-performing group members to answer the question correctly than higher-performing group members.

b. a zero item discrimination.

c. a positive item discrimination.

d. a negative item discrimination

a

Which of the following research paradigms is least appropriate for qualitative research?

a. Positivism

b. Post-positivism

c. Critical

d. Constructivism

c

A counselor educator teaching a group counseling class makes student self-disclosure an integral part of the class. This decision is

a. unethical under any circumstances.

b. unethical unless the counselor educator engages in self- disclosure, too.

c. ethical as long as the counselor educator does not grade the students on their self-disclosures.

d. ethical, and the students may be graded on their self- disclosures; it was the students’ choice to enter into a program that considers self-disclosure an important part of the learning process.

a

Transitions that create significant disruption and cause one to develop new methods of dealing with a career issue are referred to as a

a. crisis.

b. chronic hassle.

c. occupational stress.

d. career adaptation.

c

____________ is a technique that involves comparing a client’s dream to myth, literature, and folklore to help unearth possible meanings of the dream.

a. Active imagination

b. Explication

c. Amplification

d. Free association

d

Each of the following behaviors may indicate resistance in a group member EXCEPT

a. Trying to solve other members’ problems

b. Dominating group discussions

c. Missing group sessions

d. Confronting other members about irresponsible behaviors.

b

Which of the following is a measurement occurring on a ratio scale?

a. 32 degrees Fahrenheit

b. 135 pounds

c. The score from an inventory that measures career attitudes

d. Marital status

d

A professional counselor has developed a survey to explore violent life experiences of men seeking services at the harm reduction center where he works. Before distributing it to his entire agency, he wants to ensure the survey has no major problems. He asks his co-workers for feedback on his questionnaire. After revising the instrument, he administered the survey to 15 individuals. This is an example of what type of study?

a. Quantitative

b. Qualitative

c. Cross-sectional

d. Pilot

a

Rosa has trouble going to sleep most nights of the week. She often stays awake until three in the morning and wakes up exhausted. Her counselor recommends that she remove her TV, desk, and computer from her bedroom. This behavioral technique is called

a. environmental planning.

b. overcorrection.

c. maintenance.

d. shaping.

b

“My boss promoted me, but it’s probably just because he likes me, not because I actually deserve it.” This is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

a. Labeling

b. Discounting

c. Selective abstraction

d. Dichotomous thinking

d

Using deception as part of a research study is acceptable if

a. the researcher gains informed consent from all participants.

b. the researchers are conducting a study on an area that has never been studied before.

c. the deception is never revealed to the clients.

d. the study has educational value and the deception is unavoidable.

c

Rational emotive behavior therapy was originally called

a. rational behavior therapy.

b. emotive behavior therapy.

c. rational-emotive therapy.

d. None of the above; it has always been called rational emotive behavior therapy.

d

Mitchell has to declare his major by the end of the semester. He discloses to his academic advisor that he feels very pressured and does not believe one semester is enough time to search and evaluate career alternatives. Which one of the coping patterns presented by Janis and Mann is Mitchell most likely to use given his situation?

a. Unconflicted change

b. Defensive avoidance

c. Unconflicted adherence

d. Hypervigilance

a

Laws overrule ethics

a. in all circumstances.

b. in most circumstances.

c. in certain states.

d. never.

a

Homework assignments play an important role in all of the following theories EXCEPT

a. individual psychology.

b. rational emotive behavior therapy.

c. cognitive therapy.

d. strategic family therapy

c

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal distribution?

a. Most scores fall near the mean.

b. The normal distribution forms a bell curve when graphed.

c. The curve is symptotic, meaning that the tail touches the Y-axis at ±3 standard deviations.

d. The mean, median, and mode all fall at the center of the distribution.

d

A reasonable defense for behaving in an unethical manner is

a. not having anyone to consult with about a concern.

b. not having read pertinent ethical codes.

c. not fully understanding relevant ethical codes.

d. None of the above.

b

REBT counselors use ____________ to alter clients’ irrational beliefs.

a. circular questioning

b. disputation

c. restructuring

d. scriptotherapy

d

The expectation of hopelessness is characterized in which worldview?

a. Internal locus of control–Internal locus of responsibility

b. Internal locus of control–External locus of responsibility

c. External locus of control–Internal locus of responsibility

d. External locus of control–External locus of responsibility

c

To ensure that no laws are violated, Internet counselors should

a. be familiar with applicable laws in their state.

b. be familiar with applicable laws in their clients’ states.

c. be familiar with applicable laws both in their state and their clients’ state(s).

d. only provide Internet counseling services to clients who live in their state.

b

Sara overhears a group making jokes about someone in her class who identifies as gay, yet she fails to do anything about it. Sara is demonstrating

a. primary oppression.

b. secondary oppression.

c. tertiary oppression.

d. double jeopardy.

d

At what stage of psychosocial development are family relationships and work performance of key importance?

a. Intimacy versus isolation

b. Integrity versus despair

c. Industry versus inferiority

d. Generativity versus stagnation

b

Goal setting, values clarification, and seeking occupational information are examples of

a. associative learning experiences.

b. task approach skills.

c. environmental conditions.

d. worldview generalizations.

b

Reality therapy is also called

a. choice theory.

b. practical counseling.

c. planful therapy.

d. decision theory.

c

Jamal’s friends feel that he is afraid of intimacy. They notice that he tends to break up with his girl-friends once they become very close. Jamal doesn’t notice this pattern and wonders why his relationships have trouble lasting beyond nine months. The information from Jamal’s friends have would be found in which quadrant of the Johari window?

a. Public/open quadrant

b. Private/hidden quadrant

c. Blind quadrant

d. Unknown/unconscious quadrant

a

If a student scored an 82 on an exam with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 2, what would be the student’s normal curve equivalent?

a. 71.06

b. 50

c. +1.0

d. 23.68

c

A sequential design is most closely associated with ____________ research.

a. quantitative

b. qualitative

c. mixed-methods

d. single-subject

b

A counselor discovers that a colleague has published an opinion piece in the local newspaper making false accusations about her professional behavior and abilities. The counselor may be able to sue this person for

a. slander.

b. libel.

c. malicious gossip.

d. None of the above.

b

Which of the following terms does NOT coincide with the eugenics movement (1920s–1930s)?

a. One drop rule

b. Support of biracial individuals

c. Laws against interracial marriages

d. Connection between genes and intellectual and social traits

a

Although Madeline draws in her coloring book while Sophie builds a house with blocks, they sit near each other and carry on a conversation. This type of play is called

a. associative play.

b. nonsocial activity.

c. cooperative play.

d. parallel play.

b

The external conflict scale on the Career Thoughts Inventory indicates client difficulty in

a. overcoming career decision-making barriers.

b. balancing one’s own views and vocational desires with others’ input.

c. initiating the career decision-making process.

d. obtaining work-related skills.

d

Frankl believed that people could find meaning through each of the following EXCEPT

a. suffering.

b. achievement.

c. creation.

d. religion.

a

All of the following behaviors can be potentially problematic in group work EXCEPT

a. gatekeeping.

b. advice giving.

c. informing.

d. blocking.

d

Students must run a mile at least a minute faster in the spring than they did in the fall to pass their physical education fitness exam. This type of exam is an example a(n)

a. norm-referenced test.

b. raw score.

c. criterion-referenced test.

d. ipsative assessment.

b

A counseling researcher is interested in investigating the following research question: “What is the influence of socioeconomic status and school climate on academic achievement?” The dependent variable is

a. socioeconomic status.

b. academic achievement.

c. gender.

d. geography.

c

Benjamin has been counseling a young woman who is involved in a criminal case. After his lunch break, he was served a subpoena requesting the young woman’s records. One of the first steps that that Benjamin should take is

a. to comply so as not to be held in contempt of court.

b. to refuse to comply due to client confidentiality.

c. to contact the client to see how he or she would like them to proceed.

d. to comply but only provide the court with the most essential information

c

Selfishness predominates the ____________ stage of Gilligan’s theory of moral development.

a. goodness as self-sacrifice

b. morality of nonviolence

c. orientation to individual survival

d. ethic of self-preservation

c

To assess a client’s career interests, a counselor should administer (the)

a. My Vocational Situation.

b. Work Orientation and Values Survey (WOVS).

c. Kuder Career Search.

d. Career Beliefs Inventory.

b

Because she is upset about the amount of fighting she engages in with her teenage daughter (upward of five fights each week), a client is seeing a counselor who uses a solution-focused brief counseling approach. After a few sessions, she reports to the counselor that she fought only once with her daughter since her last counseling session. The counselor responds by asking the client “How were you able to do that? What did you do to decrease the amount of fighting?” The counselor in this scenario is using the SFBT technique called

a. compliments.

b. positive blame.

c. miracle question.

d. exception question.