Unit 4 - Conditioning

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30 Terms

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Adaptability
Capacity to learn new behaviors for changing circumstances.
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Learning
Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
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Associative Learning
Learning that certain events occur together.
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Conditioning
Process of learning associations between stimuli.
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Behavioralism
Psychological view focusing on observable behavior.
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Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Stimulus triggering a natural, automatic response.
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Unconditioned Response (UR)
Natural response caused by the unconditioned stimulus.
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Originally irrelevant stimulus that triggers a conditioned response.
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Conditioned Response (CR)
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
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Acquisition
Linking neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus.
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Higher Order Conditioning
Neutral stimulus becomes a new conditioned stimulus.
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Extinction
Conditioned stimulus fails to elicit a conditioned response.
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Spontaneous Recovery
Conditioned response reappears after extinction period.
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Generalization
Similar stimuli trigger a conditioned response.
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Discrimination
Different stimuli do not trigger the conditioned response.
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Delayed Conditioning
Present CS while US is still present.
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Trace Conditioning
Present CS, short break, then present US.
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Simultaneous Conditioning
Present CS and US at the same time.
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Backward Conditioning
Present US before CS.
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Operant Conditioning
Learning where behavior is strengthened by reinforcement.
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Law of Effect
Behaviors change due to consequences observed.
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Shaping
Gradually reinforcing closer approximations to desired behavior.
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Positive Reinforcer
Adding something pleasant to strengthen behavior.
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Negative Reinforcer
Taking away something unpleasant to strengthen behavior.
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Intrinsic Motivation
Desire to perform behavior for personal benefit.
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Extrinsic Motivation
Desire to behave for external rewards or avoidance.
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Modeling
Observing and imitating specific behaviors.
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Social Learning Theory
Combines observational learning with operant conditioning.
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variable interval
reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
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variable ratio
reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses