cardiovascular disorders unit 2

preload is the

amount of blood in ventricles before contraction, also known as “end diastolic volume.”

what is stenosis

narrowing or constriction of an opening

regurgitation is the

back flow of blood from one area to another

what is angina

cardiac pain associated with transient cacrdiac ischemia

name the layers of the heart

1. endocardium → lines inside the heart and covers the heart valves

2. myocardium → muscle middle layer

3. epicardium → the outer most

what is mitral valve stenosis most likely caused by

untreated scarlet fever or rheumatic fever

what happens in mitral valve stenosis?

causes obstruction of blood in L atrium and L ventricle

causes atrium to work harder to fill ventricles

causes

→ blood clots, increase pressure, edema, L sided heart failure

what are s/sx of mitral valve stenosis?

1. rheumatic fever

2. tachycardia

3. heart murmur

4. atrial fibrillation

5. heart failure

treatment of mitral valve stenosis

1. valve replacement, diurectics, digitalis, anticoagulants

what is mitral valve regurgitation

1. back flow of blood from L ventricle to L atrium