Module 4

Archaeological evidence of buffalo domestication is in?

Mesopotamia and the valley of Indus in 2000 B.C.

First domestication in India and China

Buffaloes

The domestic buffalo is classified as

Bubalus bubalis

Asian Buffalo, tamaraw (Anoa mindorensis) is not?

domesticated

Buffalo that has been domesticated

Indian wild buffalo Arni(Bubalus arnee)

the farmer's inseparable partner in his farming activities

Water buffalo

97% of the world buffalo population is concentrated in?

Asia

NCDP meaning

National Carabao Development Program

PCC meaning

Philippine Carabao Center

Philippine Carabao Center was established?

1993 through RA 7307

Carabao Population as of 2019

2.87M

Carabao population in 2018

2.88 million

premised on the potential benefits to be derived from crossing the riverine buffaloes with Phil. Carabao to improve genetic potential for meat and milk production without disregard of draft or hide.

NCDP

makes the institutionalized effort of the government to develop the carabao sub- sector.

R.A. 7307

PCRDC

Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center

DOST-PCARRD

Department of Science and Technology- Philippine Council for Agriculture Resources Research and Development

Types of buffaloes

Swamp and River

distinguished by its natural preference for _________ or marshlands; primarily utilized for farm work

Swamp type

exemplified by the Indian and subcontinent breeds; considered under the dairy category because it possesses high genetic capacity for milk production

River type

can very well be integrated with crop farming;

Carabao production

Technical problems in Carabao production:

Poor reproductive capacity

Low productivity

High mortality

Poor marketing

Unrealistic credit facilities

Breeds of Swamp Type Buffalo

1. Cambodian Buffalo

4. Thailand Buffalo

2. Philippine Carabao

5. Vietnamese Buffalo

3. Chinese Buffalo

Breeds of Riverine Buffalo

1. Indian Buffalo

7. Egyptian Buffalo

2. Murrah

8. Mediterranean

3. Nili-Ravi

9. Caucasian Buffalo

4. Kundhi

10. Bulgarian Murrah

5. Surti

11. Bufalypso

6. Jafarabadi

Tamaraw horns

have distinctive Vshaped

Size of a Tamaraw’s horn

14-20 inches long

Height and Weight of a Tamaraw

4 ft and 300kg

Chromosome # of tamaraw

46

Carabao horns

curved outward & Inward to form a semi circle shape

size of carabao’s horn

24-60 inches

Height and weight of carabao

4.5 ft and 500-700 kg

Carabao chromosome #

48

CHARACTERISTICS OF SWAMP BUFFALOES

Draught and meat type

Color of swamp buffaloes

dark gray, some have two white chevrons; under the lower jaw and around the chest

Horn of swamp buffaloes

Big and long horn

milk yield of swamp buffaloes

555-778 kg/lactation (210-224 days)

% B.F. of milk of swamp

8-10%

RIVERINE BUFFALOES are for

milk production

milk yield of riverine buffaloes

1300-2700 kg/lactation period (305 days)

% B.F. of milk of riverine

5-8%

Protein content of milk of riverine

5%

Horn formation of riverine

curled backward, forward, downward and upward

origin of the Murrah breed

India

weight range of Murrah buffaloes

430–600 kg

horn shape of Murrah

Curled backward, forward

milk yield of Murrah

2113 kg/lactation

% bf in Murrah milk

7.5%

origin of Nili-Ravi buffaloes

India

weight range of Nili-Ravi

500-750kg

horn shape of Nili-Ravi

Curled & circular in cross section

milk yield of Nili-Ravi

2000 kg/lactation

the % butterfat in Nili-Ravi milk

5%

origin of Kundhi buffaloes

Pakistan

weight range of Kundhi

320-450 kg

horn shape of Kundhi

Fish hook

the milk yield of Kundhi

1957 kg/lactation

the % bf in Kundhi milk

6–9%

the origin of Surti buffaloes

India

the weight range of Surti

408–499 kg

horn shape of Surti

Flat, sickle-shaped, pointed downward and backward

the milk yield of Surti

1364 kg/lactation

the % butterfat in Surti milk

7%

the origin of Jafarabadi buffaloes

India

the weight range of Jafarabadi

550–800 kg

the horn shape of Jafarabadi

Drooping, curled backward and upward

the milk yield of Jafarabadi

2700 kg/lactation

the % butterfat in Jafarabadi milk

8.5%

What is the breeding design in Phase I for Murrah x Carabao?

F1 generation (male, female)

What is the breeding design in Phase I for Nili-Ravi x Carabao?

F1 generation (male, female)

Phases in design of breeding system

• Phase 1 (Yr 1-5)

• Phase 2 (Yr 6-10)

• Phase 3 (Yr 11-15)

What cross is used in Phase II of the breeding system?

F1 × F1

What generation is produced in Phase II?

F2 (male, female)

What cross is done in Phase III?

F1 × F2

Phase for further improvement and selection of desirable traits in male and female offspring

Phase III