DNA Structure and Function

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to DNA structure, genes, and genetic profiling.

DNA

Large, complex molecules carrying the genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living organism.

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Chromosomes

Long threads of DNA, located in the nucleus of a cell, made up of many genes.

Complementary Base Pairing

The specific way bases pair up in DNA: thymine (T) with adenine (A), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).

Alleles

Different forms of a gene.

Triplet Code

A sequence of three bases that determines the sequence of every amino acid in a protein.

Double Helix

The shape of a DNA molecule, consisting of two strands coiled together.

Genetic Profiling

A process used to distinguish individuals by analyzing and comparing their DNA; also known as DNA fingerprinting.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene.

Dominant Allele

An allele that expresses its trait even when paired with a recessive allele.

Recessive Allele

An allele that only expresses its trait when paired with another recessive allele.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., one dominant and one