Georgia Studies Unit 9: New South and Early Civil Rights Study Guide 1-10

R.M.S. syllabus only from 24/25 year. 8th grade GA studies; Unit 9 (After the civil war, racism, and civil rights stuffs)

Define: temperance

Anti-alcohol ideas and belifs

Define: prohibition

Law that made production and selling of alcohol illegal.

Define: New South

An economic idea that the South should become more industrialized like the North,

Define: Populism

Political idea that supports the rights and powers of the common epopel

Define: Jim Crow laws

Laws that mandated the segregation of African Americans and Whites.

Define: disenfranchisement

Act of denying a person or a group the right to vote.

Define: anti-Semitism

Beliefs or behavior hostile to the Jewish community because of their ethnicity.

Define: lynching

When a mob of people kills someone. Usually by shooting or hanging them.

Who were the three men that were called the Bourbon Triumvirate?

Joseph E. Brown, Alfred E. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon

What two things did the Bourbon Triumvirate want?

Stronger economic ties with the Industrial south.

To keep many old southern traditions alive including placing Democrats in control of the gov.

What positive impact did the Bourbon Triumvirate have on Georgia?

Argued future of south was in industry not agriculture.

Lowered taxes

Reduced war debt.

Expanded business and industry.

Helped carry GA through Economic reconstruction.

What was the Bourbon Triumvirate criticized for?

Were all white supremacists.

Accomplished little to help the poor.

Did not reform factory working conditions.

Did not improve mental hospitals.

Did not improve the lives of convicts.

How did the convict lease system work?

Prisoners would be ‘leased’ to individuals or companies to work in exchange they provided food housing etc.

What three social causes did Rebecca Latimer Felton support?

Eliminating the Convict Lease System.

Women’s Suffrage.

Temperance.

Who coined the phrase the New South?

Henry Grady

How did the New South idea spread?

Speeches and writing in both the north and the south. Used position as editor in Atlanta Constitution to promote his ideas.

What did Henry Grady promote?

Industry, Crop diversifications, Northern investors to develop industries, and Spoke about unity between the north and the south.

What was the purpose of the International Cotton Exposition and who organized it?

Organized by henry Grady, Purpose was to showcase potential industries of the New South.

What results did the International Cotton Exposition have on Georgia?

Attracted 1/3rd of amillion people who were attending from 7 countries and 33 states.

Earned millions of dollars invested in ATL, more jobs, ATL became a major city an GA became known for its industry.

What college did Henry Grady help to establish?

Georgia Institute of Technology

What is another name for the Populist Party?

The Peoples Party

Why did farmers feel the need to form apolitical party?

Because they were not prospering because of the big businesses dominating the economy.

What reforms were contained in thePopulist Party's Platform?

An 8 hour work day, Graduated Income tax, restrictions on Immigration, Gov ownerships of roads and telephones/graphs, Free/unlimited coinage of silver into dollars, Reduction of tariffs, Use of the Autsralian Ballot.

What was the Australian Ballot?

Would be printed by government and would be distributed and collected at voting places and sealed so that the votes would remain private.

Who was Georgia's most famous Populist?

Tom Watson

What groups of people was Watson concerned about?

gas poor and struggling farmers.

Watson said farming reform was possible if what happened?

If the 2 races came together polically.

What was Tom Watsons greatest accomplishment?

The Rural Free Delivery Bill

What was required under the Rural Free Delivery Bill?

Required Post Master to find a way to deliver mail to the rural homes free of charge.

When Watson returned to the Democratic party, how did he feel about Civil Rights?Why?

No longer supported blacks rights and blamed them for his losses in 1896 and 1904

Who was Homer Plessy?

A 1/8th black white person who bought a first class train ticket and sat in the white only cart.

Why was Homer Plessy arrested?

For breaking the Separate Car Act of 1890 while in Lousianna.

Why did he want to be arrested?

Was testing the legality of laws requiring blacks to sit in a different car than whites.

What was the outcome of the Plessy v.Ferguson court case?

Plessy was found guilty ruled over.

What does ‘separate but equal’ mean?

States could separate the races as long as the facilities were equal.

Why was the Democratic Primary more important than the general election in Georgia?

Since the Democrats dominated GA whoever won primary would win General.

What was the poll tax and how did it keepAfrican Americans from voting?

A fee that was required to be payed before voters could vote. Most blacks and poor whites were not able to pay this.

What was the literacy test and how did it disenfranchise African Americans?

A test that was required to be taken before you could vote in order to prove they were literate so they cold vote. Most blacks were illiterate or the fraud.

What was the grandfather clause and why was it passed?

Was the poll tax and the Literacy test. Designed to give poorer whites the right to vote regardless of the tax and literacy. And if grandfather could vote before the Civil war or was in the Civil war they could vote.

How were politics and society across the South impacted by African Americans losing the right to vote?

Blacks could not bring the problems they were facing forward. Such as wanted better education/schools, neighborhoods, and improvements/fair treatment.

What famous speech did Booker T. Washington give?

“The New South”

What did he say whites and blacks should agree to do?

That they should agree to benefit from each other.

How did Booker T. Washington think African Americans should raise their job status?

Economically by doing better at their jobs.

What did Washington believe would happen after African Americans raised their economic status?

Would respect them and their social and politically status/equality would improve.

What did W.E.B. DuBois mean by the"talented tenth"?

Wanted 10% of Blacks to get higher education. And they should be social and political integration.

Where did DuBois believe that AfricanAmericans should fight for equality?

In the courts.

What civil rights organization did W.E.B.DuBois help create?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Most prominent Civil Rights leaders followed whose advice?

Dubois and NAACP

Who was Alonzo Herndon and what profession did he have?

Was born a slave and now owns a wealthy barber sharp. One of wealthiest men in atl. Is a business owner who is also a civil rights activist. Crystal Palace.

What is the significance of the AtlantaMutual Life Insurance Company and howwas Herndon involved?

Largest African American owned business in the US. Herndon is owner.

Explain Alonzo Herndon's ties to bothWashington and DuBois

Was a founding member of the Niagara Movement and organization that led to the creation of NAACP with Dubois.

Why were tensions rising in September 1906?

Tom Watson and other politicians spreading racial fears. Campaign promises made to Ga voters to that they would disenfranchise Black voters. Job competition between Blacks and poor whites was increasing. African American Upper class was becoming more powerful and many whites opposed this.

What was the final event that caused the1906 Atlanta Race Massacre?

False reports posted of a Black man attacking a white women.

What ended the 1906 Atlanta RaceMassacre?

Military was brought in to control it.

What were the results of the 1906 AtlantaRace Massacre?

18 Blacks and 3 whites died. 100s more were injured. Cost were very high and ATL got bad reputation. Also ended Civil rights movement.

Who was Leo Frank and what was he accused of doing?

Accused of murdering Mary Phagan.

What was the outcome of the trial?

Was sentenced to death.

Who changed Frank's sentence and why?

GA governor John Slaton had changed it life in prison because he believed Leo Frank was innocent.

What happened to Leo Frank after his sentence was changed?

Tom Watson led a public outcry and a group of men called the Knights of Mary Phagan broke into the state prison and took him to marietta and lynched him.