Creative Arts_ 2022

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Topics include: Elements of Art & Principles of Design, Art as a tool, Importance of warming up and cooling down, History of Kofifi, Zumba, South African Dance styles

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68 Terms

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Characteristics of a Line
Can be:
- descriptive (describing the shape)
- expressive (evoking a response)
- static/dynamic (sense of stability or movement)
- gestural (result of physical energy)
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Physical properties of a Line
● Measurement (long, short, thick)
● Direction (horizontal, diagonal, curved)
● Location (edge, surface, outline, linking)
● Character (mechanical, controlled, soft, hard...)
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What can lines do?
When used together, can create:
- Tone
- Texture
- Pattern
- Rhythm
- Space
- Depth
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Shape
A 2D area with a recognizable boundary
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Form
- A 3D shape
- Has height, width and depth
- The illusion of volume in a 2D work
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Organic shapes
Shapes from nature with irregular outlines
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Inorganic shapes
Machine made shapes with rigid/geometric outlines
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Positive shape
The real shape or object
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Negative shape
The background that surrounds the positive shape
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Tone
- The degree of light and dark in a given artwork
- Create volume and 3D shapes
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How do you work with tonal values?
Because forms do not have outlines in real life and are defined by light (without light we do not see forms). One must carefully observe how light falls on a form
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Texture
- The surface quality or feel of an object
- Can be visual or tactile
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Frottage
A textural transfer technique; the process of taking rubbings from rough surfaces
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What does colour do?
- Evokes emotions, moods and feelings
- Symbolizes and transmits non-verbal information
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Primary colors
- Red, Yellow, Blue
- Colors that cannot be made by mixing together other colors
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Secondary colors
- Orange, Purple, Green
- Are made by mixing 2 primary colors together
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Intermediate colors
● Red-orange, Yellow-orange, Yellow-green, Blue-green, Blue-violet, Red-violet
● Between the primary and secondary colors on the colour wheel
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Brown
Tertiary color created by mixing two complimentary colors
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Black (pigment)
Presence of all colors
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White (pigment)
Absence of all colors
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Tints
Colors mixed with white
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Shades
Colors mixed with black
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Intensity of colour
The brightness or dullness of a colour
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Complementary colors
- Always a pair of colors
- A primary and secondary colour directly opposite each other on the color wheel
- When places side by side, they contrast and appear to vibrate
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Monochromatic
- A monochromatic painting using variations of one colour only
- A pure color is used alone with black and/or white OR mixed with black and/or white
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Warm colors
- Red, Orange, Yellow
- Seem to come towards the viewer in space
- Create a feeling of excitement
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Cool colors
- Blue, Green, Yellow-green
- Seem to recede towards the back in a painting
- Have a calming effect
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Linear perspective
- based on the observation that parallel lines appear to meet at the horizon at one or more vanishing points
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Aerial perspective
- when the atmosphere softens shapes and colors in the distance
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Composition
The combination of art elements to form a pleasing whole
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Balance
- refers to the arrangement of elements to create stability in an artwork
- 'looks' and 'feels' right
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Symmetrical balance
Where both sides are similar in visual weight and almost mirrored
- looks more stiff and formal
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Asymmetrical balance
Where both sides are similar in visual weight but nor mirrored
- creates more interesting compositions
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Radial balance
Everything radiates outward from a central point
- not very common is artist's compositions
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Rhythm/Movement
Refers to ways of combining art elements to produce the same movement in an artwork
- may be achieved through repetition, alternation or progression of an element
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Emphasis
Refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts in the work
- also refers to focal points in the composition
- can be created using color tone etc.
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Unity/Harmony
Refer to the wholeness which results from the successful of the elements of an artwork
- unity provides the cohesive quality that makes an artwork feel complete and finished
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Variety
The quality or state of having different forms or types, notable use of contrast, emphasis, difference in size and color
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Contrast
Refers to visual difference in an artwork
- creates interesting compositions and artworks
- refers to the difference between eg. lines, shapes, tonal values, colors etc.
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Proportion
The size relationship of parts to a whole and to another
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Sophiatown (also called Kofifi)
- Suburb of Johannesburg
- Destroyed under Apartheid and rebuilt under the name Triomf
- Was returned to original name in 2006
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What was Sophiatown?
- A legendary black cultural hub
- Epicenter of politics, jazz and blues during the 1940s and 1950s
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Well-known people who lived in Sophiatown
- Musician, Hugh Muskela
- Writers, Don Mattera and Can Themba
- Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu
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The first South African musical to travel internationally
King Kong, based on a Kofifi legend who was a boxer
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What was also popular in Kofifi?
Kwela music, identifiable by the penny-whistle
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Tsotsitaal
- Born in the townships of greater Gauteng
- Popular means of expression in Kofifi
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Zumba
Columbian-dance inspired exercise program that incorporates different international dance influences with martial arts movements

High-paced, fun, fat- blasting program
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Who created the Zumba fitness program, how and when did it happen?
- Created by Alberto "Beto" Perez
- On his way to teach an aerobics class, he realized he had forgotten his music and had to make a fast substitution with the tapes he had in his car
- Came about in the mid-1990s
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Origin of the name Zumba
Beto along with two other fitness enthusiasts, Alberto Perlman and Alberto Aghion, released a series of fitness videos
They dubbed it Zumba, a word that doesn't have a specific meaning
Due to its similarity to the word rumba, Pérez and his partner began to replace the first letter until they landed on Sumba
Pérez ultimately decided to spell it with the letter Z because he like Zorro when he was a child
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Influences behind Zumba
Zumba keeps its roots in Latin-inspired music and dance, although other influences are incorporated giving, it a more global appeal
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How is Zumba choreography composed?
By using all or some of sixteen core steps
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4 basic rhythms of Zumba
Salsa
Reggaetón
Merengue
Cumbia
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Each basic rhythm has.....
4 core steps
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What does Zumba combine?
The dance styles of cumbia, salsa, merengue, mambo, flamenco, chachacha, reggaetón, soca, samba, hip hop, axé and tango
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Benefits of warming up
- increase oxygen intake and heart rate
- helps with flexibility of joints and elasticity of muscles
- reduces risk of injury
- helps to be aware of physical self and focus on mind
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Basic warm ups
Pointe and flex:standing
Circling the head
Shoulder drops
Shoulder rolls
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Benefits of cooling down
- helps to gradually reduce speed
- helps to reduce the size of movements
- helps muscles relax
- normalize breathing and heart rate
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Basic cool downs
Cat stretch
Shoulder stretch
Back twist stretch
Standing quadricep stretch
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Types of movements
Locomotor movements - move from one place to another
Axial movements - movement that can be done in one spot by moving various body parts
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Types of arrangements
Mirror - standing opposite your partner, your left and right are reversed
Unison - standing next to your partner doing exactly the same thing at the same time
Canon - like unison, but starting at different times, staggering the start in a ripple effect
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History of Pantsula
- energetic dance style that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s
- emerged as a response to forced removals implemented by the Apartheid Government
- began in 2 townships in Johannesburg, Alexandra and Sophiatown
- was used as an expression of resistance against the Aparthied Government during political struggle in SA
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Pantsula dance style
- quick stepping
- an influence of tap dancing
- everyday gestures (rolling dice)
- dancers have on the spot rhythmic footwork
- dancers move to Kwaito and House music
- an element of whistling
- style of dressing is important
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History of Amapiano
- Amapiano = Zulu for "The Pianos", often referred to as "The Yanos"
- style of House music that emerged in SA in 2012
- combination of deep house, Jazz and Lounge music
- easily identified by high pitched piano melodies
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Amapiano dance style
- quick steps and body popping
- "the pouncing cat", the "Zekethe"
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History of Gqom
- Zulu word meaning drum/hitting a drum
- emerged in Durban
- minimal form of House music, has beats that have a raw and repetitive sound
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Gqom dance style
- Bhenga
- dancers bhenga to the repetitive raw beats of gqom music
- the aim is to grab the audience's attention, so seem flexible as a dancer
- has moves of wavy arms, toe tapping and wobbly knees
- requires proper foot work
- is associated with dance moves such as the "gwara-gwara" and the "Vosho"
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Breaking dance style
- an athletic style of street dance
- origins in the united States
- mainly consists of 4 kinds of movement: power moves, toprock, downrock and freezes
- focuses on moves that are on the ground
- uses songs that contain drum breaks, hip hop music, funk and breakbeat music
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Is'buja dance style
- invented in the 1990's by young experimental dancers from Soweto
- free style, incorporates elements of Hip Hop, Jive and Pantsula
- Is'buja got merged with House music in the 2000s to be able to create its own different identity
- very energetic, requires every muscle in the dancers body to work to complete the moves
- requires a lot of creativity from dancers