washing and extracting

What is the purpose of using a separatory funnel in liquid-liquid extraction?

A separatory funnel is used to separate two immiscible liquid phases during a liquid-liquid extraction.

What should you always remember to do before pouring in any solutions into the separatory funnel?

Always remember to close the stopcock before pouring in any solutions.

Why is it important to have something underneath the spout of the separatory funnel?

To catch any spills in case you accidentally forget to close the stopcock.

What happens when you mix the organic layer with the aqueous solvent?

You create a biphasic mixture where the compounds will distribute between the two layers.

What is the purpose of vigorous shaking during the extraction process?

Vigorous shaking maximizes the surface area between the two phases to enhance the transfer of organic compounds.

Why do you usually perform successive extractions in triplicate?

To ensure maximum extraction of the desired compound from the aqueous layer.

What layer typically contains the organic compound after extraction?

The organic layer usually contains the organic compound, unless working with charged compounds which may prefer the aqueous layer.

What is the general range of extraction efficiency for the first extraction?

The first extraction usually extracts about 70-90% of the desired compound(s).

Why is it important to collect the aqueous and organic layers into separate flasks?

To isolate the extracted compound in the appropriate layer for analysis or further processing.

What should you do if only one large layer forms during extraction instead of two distinct phases?

This indicates that organic was added to organic or aqueous to aqueous, and you should consult your TA to correct the issue.