Sec 3 chapter 2 (Kinetic Particle Theory)

What is the arrangement of particles in solids?

Closely packed in an orderly manner.

What are the state changes involved in sublimation?

The process of changing from a gas directly to a solid.

Describe evaporation.

Occurs at any temperature, happens at the surface of the liquid, and is a slow process.

What is the kinetic energy of particles in solids?

Very low.

How do particles in liquids differ from those in solids?

They are closely packed but arranged in a disorderly manner and can slide past each other.

What is the investigation of boiling?

Occurs throughout the liquid at its boiling point and happens rapidly.

Properties of a gas include __________.

Not held in fixed positions, move about rapidly and randomly, and are far apart.

Effect of heating on solids includes __________.

Particles vibrate and rotate faster around their fixed positions.

What happens during melting/boiling?

Heat energy is taken in by particles to overcome forces of attraction.

What remains constant during a change of state for a pure substance?

The temperature during melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing.

What is the relationship between melting point and freezing point in pure substances?

They are equal.

Define condensation.

The process where heat energy is given off as particles come together to be attracted to one another.