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What happens when a metal encounters a nonmetal in terms of ionization energy and electron affinity?
The metal loses electrons (low ionization energy), forming cations, while the nonmetal gains electrons (high electron affinity), forming anions.
How do cations and anions combine to form neutral ionic compounds?
Cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) combine in ratios that balance their charges, resulting in a neutral compound.
What is the process for identifying an unknown substance given its physical properties?
Compare the substance's properties to those in a reference table to match and identify the substance.
How do you find the molecular formula from the empirical formula and molar mass?
Divide the compound's molar mass by the mass of the empirical formula to find a multiplying factor, then multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula.
What are the three types of equations for double and single displacement reactions?
Molecular equations, ionic equations, and net ionic equations.
What is the difference between an ideal gas and a real gas?
An ideal gas follows gas laws perfectly with no interactions between particles, while a real gas exhibits interactions and deviates from ideal behavior under high pressure and low temperature.
What is the method to solve gas stoichiometry problems?
Use the ideal gas law or stoichiometric ratios to relate moles of gas to volume, pressure, and temperature.
How is the density of a gas determined?
Using the formula density = mass/volume, where mass is the weight of the gas and volume is the space it occupies at a given temperature and pressure.
How do you make a 0.1 M NaOH solution starting with solid NaOH?
Dissolve the appropriate mass of solid NaOH in enough water to make a final volume of 1 liter.
What is the procedure to prepare a dilute solution from a concentrated solution?
Use the dilution formula (C1V1=C2V2) to calculate the volume of the concentrated solution needed and dilute it with solvent to the desired final volume.
