Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

The philosophical school and psychology rooted in the experiences, ideas, and cultural orientation of Filipinos, emphasizing indigenous concepts and methods.

Indigenization from Within

A process where psychological frameworks and methodologies are developed based on the local culture, involving cultural revalidation and interpretation through a Filipino perspective.

Indigenization from Without

The application of Western psychological models and methodologies to local settings by finding Filipino equivalents for Western concepts.

Cultural Revalidation

Reassessing and affirming Filipino psychological concepts through the lens of Filipino culture, language, and history.

Cross-Indigenous Method

A research approach in Sikolohiyang Pilipino that involves comparing indigenous practices across cultures.

Multi-Method Multi-Language Approach

The use of various methods and languages to study Filipino psychological concepts more holistically.

Total Approach (Triangulation Method)

Combining multiple research strategies and perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of Filipino psychology.

Kamalayan (Psyche)

Represents the Filipino concept of psyche or consciousness with emphasis on collective experience over individual experience.

Ulirat (Physical Consciousness)

A lower level of awareness or physical consciousness considered less central than kamalayan in Sikolohiyang Pilipino.

Diwa

Refers to the essence or psyche in Filipino thought, encompassing a broad range of psychological concepts from awareness to behavior.

Scientific-Humanistic Balance

Sikolohiyang Pilipino values both scientific and humanistic approaches, treating psychology as both science and art.

Enriquez’s View on Universal Psychology

Sikolohiyang Pilipino is seen as a step toward universal psychology, not a rejection of Western methods but a critique of their uncritical application.

Agustin Alonzo

The first psychologist to become Head of the UP Department of Psychology.

Sinforoso Padilla

First Filipino to major in Psychology from undergraduate to doctoral level.

Jesus Perpinan

Established the FEU Psychological Clinic.

Angel Blas

Founded the Experimental Psychology Laboratory at UST.

Estefania Aldaba-Lim

First Filipino to earn a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology.

Alfredo Lagmay

Chaired the UP Psychology Department for 22 years.

Mariano Obias

Held a Ph.D. in Comparative and Physiological Psychology and worked in Human Resources.

Jaime Bulatao, SJ

Founded the Psychology Department at Ateneo de Manila University.

Early Psychology Courses in the Philippines

Included General Psychology, Genetic Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Tests and Measurements.

Psychological Practice Development

Focused on testing, counseling, and therapy in the Philippines.

Popular Areas of Research

Tests and measurements, personality, and child development.

PAP (Psychological Association of the Philippines)

Founded as a forum for presenting scientific psychology research in the country.

Psychological Services for OFWs

Psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy were developed specifically for Overseas Filipino Workers.

Challenge: Scientific Affirmation

The need to validate Filipino psychology through empirical data and model-building.

Challenge: Dependence on Western Models

The need to break away from unquestioned use of Western psychological frameworks.

Challenge: Colonized Psyche

Addressing psychological effects of colonization in Filipino identity and thought.

Challenge: Linking with Other Developing Nations

Collaborating with psychologists from other countries to decolonize the discipline.

Challenge: Return to Basics

Emphasizing areas like learning development and cognitive development.

Significance: Cultural Relevance

Sikolohiyang Pilipino offers more accurate interpretations of mental health by aligning with Filipino cultural norms.

Significance: Indigenous Concepts

Incorporates concepts such as hiya, pakikisama, and utang na loob to explain Filipino behavior.

Significance: National Identity

Promotes a stronger sense of Filipino identity and cultural self-understanding.

Significance: Language Accessibility

Using the Filipino language in psychology improves accessibility to mental health services, especially in rural areas.

Social Awareness in Filipino Psychology

Encourages critical analysis of societal issues and promotes involvement by recognizing how social factors affect mental health.

Culturally Appropriate Interventions

Developed through research grounded in Filipino experiences, enhancing the relevance and effectiveness of psychological support.

Padayon

A term signifying perseverance and the continued importance of Filipino Psychology in strengthening cultural identity amidst globalization.

Colonial Influence on Filipino Identity

Colonization brought foreign values and blurred traditional Filipino identity, often replaced by Western practices.

Western Influence on Mental Health Practices

Most mental health methods used today in the Philippines come from Western models, which may lack cultural relevance.

Sikolohiyang Pilipino's Role in Mental Health

Serves as a framework that integrates Filipino culture and values into mental health practices for deeper understanding and healing.

Virgilio Enriquez

Founder of Sikolohiyang Pilipino; promoted indigenous psychology and emphasized using Filipino concepts like diwa, kamalayan, bait, and loob.

Babaylans as First Psychologists

Traditional Filipino healers and spiritual leaders, often women, seen as early practitioners of psychological support and community wellness.

Agustin Alonzo

First Filipino psychologist; merged Filipino emotional characteristics with experimental methods to make psychology relevant to Philippine culture.

Mario Carreon

Developed one of the first psychological tests for Filipinos, though his contributions were not widely recognized.

Alfredo V. Lagmay

Mentored by B.F. Skinner; transitioned psychology from education-based to scientific study in the Philippines and led the UP Psych Dept.

Enriquez's Indigenization Framework

Proposed a system that critiques universal psychology and advocates for culture-specific understanding through local terms and experiences.

Filipino Psychological Concepts

Includes kamalayan (consciousness), ulirat (awareness), isip (mind), diwa (essence), bait (common sense), loob (inner self), and kaluluwa (soul).

Importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino in Modern Times

Helps Filipinos rediscover identity, promotes cultural self-awareness, and addresses mental health in a localized, relatable way.

Post-Enriquez Growth of SP

Despite challenges after Enriquez’s death, interest in Filipino Psychology remains strong among students and professionals.

Language and Tradition in Psychology

Using Filipino language and culture in teaching psychology increases understanding and relevance in local communities.

Empath and SP Integration

Empath collaborates with Filipino psychologists to integrate cultural traditions into mental health services.

Kapit-tuko

Clingy and won’t let go

Saling-pusa

Involuntary participant, not fully involved

Kilos pagong

Moves slowly or lazily

Asal baboy

Dirty or impolite behavior

Santong kabayo

Pretends to be holy but isn’t

Ahas

Betrayer or backstabber

Linta

Leech; dependent on others

Buwaya

Corrupt, especially in politics

Reimagining Filipino Identity

Recognizes Filipino identity as diverse and evolving rather than singular and fixed.

Multiculturalism in Filipino Society

Acknowledges that the Filipino experience varies due to historical, ethnic, and regional diversity.

Questioning National Identity

Instead of asking "What is Filipino identity?" we should ask, "Who do we consider as Filipinos?"

Strengthening Filipino Foundations

Accept diversity, understand shared values, and continuously reimagine the Filipino identity for the future.

Jay A. Yacat's View on Filipino Identity

Points out the difficulty of defining Filipino identity due to its broad scope and symbolic nature.

Cultural Identity as Representation

Identity is shaped through symbols, systems, and shared meanings regulated by institutions and culture.

Five Dimensions of Cultural Identity

• Representation

• Regulation

• Consumption

• Production

• Identity

Representation

Meaning behind symbols/images

Regulation

Rules controlling identity expression

Consumption

How cultural items are used

Production

How cultural symbols are made and spread

Identity

The meaning tied to self or culture

Loob at Labas

"From within and without" – Filipino identity seen as both internal (values) and external (social labels).

Babaw at Lalim

"Surface and depth" – Filipino-ness isn’t just the label "Filipino" but also the heartfelt internalized identity like “Pilipino sa puso.”

Pinagmulan

Refers to the socio-political origins of being Filipino, including birth in the Philippines, Filipino parentage, and citizenship.

Kinalakhan

Cultural roots; growing up in and being immersed in a Filipino cultural milieu.

Kamalayan

Consciousness; awareness, acceptance, and pride in being Filipino.

Pagkatao

The entirety of being human; the Filipino core value related to understanding personhood.

Makatao

Being humane; sensitivity to the feelings and situations of others.

Pagpapakatao

Becoming a real person through actions that reflect full human development.

Katauhan

Personality or humanity; the abstract essence of being human.

Kaluluwa

Soul; the source of life and breath in Filipino belief.

Budhi

Conscience; the moral compass that judges past actions and prompts reflection.

Tauhan (noun)

A character in a story or someone serving another.

Tauhan (verb)

To take charge or be responsible; to "man" something.

Panauhin

Guest or visitor.

Kapwa Tao

Fellow human; others seen as part of one’s self.

Pakikipagkapwa Tao

Interacting with others as equals and fellow humans.

Sangkatauhan

Humanity; all of humankind.

Tao

A person; also associated with cultural maturity, honor, dignity, and human frailty.

Bagong Tao

A culturally mature young adult who has undergone a rite of passage.

Malay-Tao

Human consciousness or awareness.

Matauhan

To regain consciousness or reach realization.

Pagkataong may sapi

A form of personhood altered by spirit possession or external force.

Likas na pagkatao

Natural or inherent personhood.

Tao lang ako

Expression of human limitation and acceptance of imperfection.

Tao ako

Assertion of humanity and demand for dignity and respect.

Pagkamatay at Hininga

Death is seen as the loss of breath ("ginhawa"), the essence of life.

Tao: Being and Becoming Human

Cultural concept where maturity, responsibility, and moral awareness signify true humanity.

Nationalism (Mulder)

A vague and often superficial Filipino identity; highlights lack of strong patriotism despite cultural pride.

Filipino First Policy

An unpopular policy among the middle class, reflecting tolerance and individualism more than nationalism.