Exp-13-ALCOHOLS

Alcohols

General formula of alcohols

ROH

Functional group characterizing alcohols

Hydroxyl

Acid character of alcohols attributed to

The hydroxyl group

Weakening bond when -OH group is protonated at the oxygen

C-O bond

Released when -OH group is cleaved off as a water from alcohol

Hydrogen

Common alcohol in alcoholic beverages

Ethyl alcohol

Enzyme catalyzing fermentation to produce ethanol

Zymase

Type of alcohol ethanol is

Primary alcohol

Chromic acid test distinguishes primary and secondary alcohols from tertiary alcohols by

Primary alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes

Color change indicating oxidation of primary alcohol

Orange to green

Tertiary alcohols not readily oxidized due to

Lack of alpha hydrogen

Test to further distinguish primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

Lucas test

Reaction of tertiary alcohols in Lucas test

Form an upper layer of alkyl chloride

Alcohol reacting immediately in Lucas test

Tertiary alcohol

Reaction mechanism in Lucas test for tertiary and secondary alcohols

SN1

Most important triol

Glycerol

Detection of glycerol by acrolein test

Pungent odor

Formed when glycerol is heated with KHSO4

Acrolein

Purpose of Chromic Acid Test

Test to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

Reagents added to test tubes in Chromic Acid Test

Potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid

Color change indicating end of Chromic Acid Test

From orange to green

Alcohol reacting immediately in Lucas Test

Tertiary alcohol

Reagent used in Lucas Test

Lucas reagent

Observation when insoluble layer forms in Lucas Test

Formation of alkyl halide

Purpose of Esterification test

Test for esters

Odor observed in Esterification test

Fruity

Purpose of Test for Methyl Alcohol

Test for methyl alcohol

Color produced in Test for Methyl Alcohol

Red

Purpose of Iodoform Test

Test for ketones

Reagent used in Iodoform Test

Iodine solution and NaOH

Color precipitate in positive Iodoform Test

Yellow

Purpose of Test for Glycerol

Test for alcohols

Odor produced in Acrolein Test for glycerol

Pungent

Purpose of Fermentation test

Test for alcohols

Main product of Fermentation process

Ethanol

Temperature for collecting distillate in Fermentation test

78-79°C

Testing presence of ethanol in distillate

Flammability test

Purpose of adding Baker's yeast in Fermentation

To catalyzed the conversion of sugar to ethanol