Intermediate French 1: PAST TENSES (PC, I, PQP), FUTURE TENSES (SIMPLE + PROCHE), LE CONDITIONNEL, IMP´´ERATIF, VERBES PRONOMINAUX, LES PRONOMS

4 midterm

When to use the imparfait

for ongoing or incomplete past actions, repeated habits (souvent, tojours), descriptions, states of being, and simultaneous past actions

When to use the passe compose

for completed actions in the past, especially those with a specific time frame or a clear beginning and end

When to use the plus-que-parfait

to describe work, actions, completed previously to another past fact —> the past within the past (‘had’)

imparfait construction

1. take the present nous conjugated form of the verb

2. remove the -ons ending

3. add the proper imaprfait ending (-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient)

passe compose contstruction

1. conjugate either avoir or être in their present form (ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont OR suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont)

2. ajoute le verbe dans la forme passé (past participle)

3. faire l’accord avec aux être, ou si on a un COD avant le verbe avec avoir

plus-que-parfait cosntruction

1. use avoir ou être à l’imparfait

2. ajoute le participe passé du verbe

avoir vs. être aux

1. use avoir the most, use être with DR. MRS. P. VANDERTRAMP verbs  and pronominal verbs (verbs of motion)

passe compose rules

1. Never make the agreement with the subject in this tense, unless être is the auc

2. Only make agreement with verbs that take avoir when they are preceded by a COD

3. if a verb that take être is preceded by a COD, make agreement with that instead of the subject

imparfait rules

1. Not a compound tense, don’t need to worry about agreement with the verb —> will always match the subject

plus-que-parfait rules

1. The past participle agrees with the subject of the sentence when the auxiliary verb is être,

2. With avoir, agrees only with the COD that comes beofre the ver

le temps du passe avec les verbes pronominaux

1. will always take être as an auxillaire, always makes agreement with subject unless has an implied COI or in preceded by a COD

   1. if COD precedes verb, make agreement with it

   2. if COD follows verb, make agreement with nothing

2. After forming the verbes pronominaux in any tense, you refer to your body parts using a non-possesive article

   1. Ex: Je me suis brossé les dentsEx:

   2. Elle s’est sèché les cheveux

les verbes pronominaux that have an implied COI (don’t make agreement)

se parler, se téléphoner, se dire, s’écrire

passe compose, imparfait, plus-que-parfait cheat sheet

pc: closed, imparfait: were closing, p-q-p: had closed

motion verbs that take avoir as an aux if they are followed by a COD (don’t make agreement wiht the subject or the COD

sortir, rentrer, monter, descendre, passer, retourner

gender of cheveu

masculine

gender of main

feminine

gender of teeth

feminine

gender of nail

masculine

s’endormir

to fall asleep

se coucher

to go to bed

se réveiller

to wake up

se lever

to get up

se doucher

to take a shower

se laver

to wash

s’habiller

to get dressed

se maquiller

to make up

se raser

to shave

se laver les cheveux

to wash one’s hair

se sécher les cheveux

to dry one’s hair

se brosser les cheveux

to brush one’s hair

se brosser les dents

to brush one’s teeth

se couper les ongles

to cut one’s nails

se parler

to talk to each other

se rencontrer

to meet

s’aimer

to love each other

s’embrasser

to kiss each other

se téléphoner

to phone each other

se séparer

to break up

s’offrir des cadeaux

to give each other presents

se fâcher

to get angry

se dépêcher

to hurry/ rush

se promener

to go for a walk, take a walk

s’ennuyer

to get bored, become bored

s’amuser

to have fun

se mettre à

to start doing, to take up

se passioner pour

to be passionate about, fascinated by

s’entendre bien/ mal avec qq’un

to get along well with, to get along poorly with

se disputer avec

to argue/ quarrel with

s’habituer à

to get used to, accustomed to

se détendre (se reposer)

to relax, unwind

se rencontrer

to meet, be introduced to

s’embrasser

to kiss each other/ embrace one another

se sentir

to feel

s’occuper de

to take care of, to deal with

s’intéresser à

to be interested in, to take an interest in

se perdre

to lose

se souvenir de

to remember

se tromper (de)

to cheat, decieve, swindle

se moquer

to laugh at, make fun of

se coiffer

to do/style one’s hair

il neiger (imparfait)

il neigeait

lune de miel

honeymoon

sortir coj. imparfair

je sortais, tu sortais, il/elle sortait, nous sortions, vous sortiez, ils/elles sortaient

remettre past participle

remis (aux. avoir)

s’asseoir past participle

s’assis

avoir past participle

eu (aux. avoir)

venir past participle

venu(e)

vivre past participle

vécu

soudain

suddenly or unexpectedly

grossier

to be rude

la pauvreté

poverty

incarner

to embody

transfuge de classe

social mobility/ upward mobility

transfugere

someone who goes to the enemy

trahir

to betray (someone)

le trahison

betrayal

le mépris

contempt/scorn/disdain

infidèle

unfaithful

infidélité

unloyal

ivre

drunk

alcoolique

alcoholic

s’extriper

to extricate oneself

HLM

social housing

mentir

to lie

au moins

at least

éteindre

to turn off

allumer

tu turn on

effleurer

to graze

ne…que

only

tenter

to attempt

être épuisé.e

to be exhausted

être crévé.e

to be exhausted (more casual)

en rajouter

to exaggerate

avorter

to have an abortion

l’accouchement (masc)

to deliver

la livraison

food delivery

soutenir

to support

supporter

to bear (negative connotation)

ému.e

very emotional, very moved

se tromper

to be mistaken