Health Sciences 101 Exam One

changes to health care

availability, higher death rates in the middle class/aged, and social determinants

availability in health care has changed due to…

an aging population and medical technology/telehealth

why are there higher death rates in the middle class/aged now?

chronic disease and drug abuse

social determinants definition

factors that contribute to health inequalities

social determinants examples

poverty, lack of health education, stigma, racism

future changes- will need more healthcare availability due to the ______ generation aging

baby boomer

ACA was signed into law on….

March 10, 2010

ACA

affordable care act

the ACA was designed to….

expand medicaid for children (CHIP), establish health insurance marketplace, and cannot deny insurance for preexisiting conditions

CHIP

children’s health insurance program

epidemics

disease process that reaches a small area

how are epidemics controlled?

CDC and health departments

the CDC is over….

USA

health departments control a_____ area

local

pandemics

worldwide disease process

the WHO was established in _____

1948

the WHO is ______ and stands for…..

Worldwide, world health organization

spanish flu

first pandemic in recent years, started at the end of WW1

universal vaccination - definition and implemented by who?

UN, vaccinate everyone asap

what is population health?

what the health of people in a specific geographical area looks like

factors that affect population health

vaccination rates, respiratory illnesses, mortality rates

vaccination rates

number of people in an area that have been vaccinated

respiratory illnesses

chronic diseases (emphysema and COPD)

mortality rates

how young people are when they die

what is the biggest factor that affects someone’s longevity? list others

biggest: socioeconomic status. others: access to healthcare, nutrition, stress.

socioeconomic status

income and education

clinical preventative services

immunization and cancer screenings

immunization

when you take a vaccinate and your body develops antibodies to protect you from the virus

developing immunity

when the body develops antibodies due to immunization

common cancer screenings

mammogram and colonoscopy

globalization of health care

increases medical access to those in countries in need

how to prevent infectious disease

control bacterial, fungal, and viral inputs

foodbourne disease

anything that contaminates food and carries an illness

zoonotic disease

any type of disease that can jump from an animal to a human

zoonotic disease example

rabies

foodbourne disease example

e coli and salmonella

both the NIH and CDC are under the

US department of health and human services

NIH acronym

national institute of health and human services,

CDC acronym and purpose

centers for disease control, public health protection

brain diseases are _____ and ______

chronic, longterm

medicare

federal program meant to give free health care to anyone above 65 and those with longterm diseases

CMS

centers for medicare and medicaid

ALS

fatal neurological disease

medicaid

federal and state ran program available for those who do not have insurance or cannot afford it through the marketplace

health disparities

unmet social needs that result in differences in health outcomes

equality

everyone gets the same

equity

some are treated differently in order to achieve equality

services provided by healthcare industry

diagnostic, therapeutic, preventative

diagnostic care

labwork, biospy, and urine screening

therapeutic care

PT, OT, speech

preventative care

mammography, colonscopy

there is __ centralized healthcare delivery system in the US

no

Canada centralized healthcare

every territory has a different plan funded by the province and federal government

UK centralized healthcare

funded by taxes with an emphasis on preventative care

most hospitals and physicians in the UK are run/employed by ________

the government

direct health services in the US

tricare, champva. Indian Health Services.

health promotion

health care educators/facilitators that educate general populace

ambulatory healthcare centers

care provided outside of an institutional hospital facility

federally qualified health centers (FQHS)

facilities provide primary care regardless of ones ability to pay

privately funded free medical clinic (FMC)

nonprofit faith based clinic

almshouses

cared for poor who were chronically ill or disabled

social security act of 1965

established Medicare + Medicaid, provided source of funds for hospitals

antiseptic surgery

begin by josef listerine, cut down the amount of deaths due to infection

florence nightengale

founder of modern nursing, started in UK. identified need for assistants for doctors.

year of first graduating class of nurses

1873

private hospitals

owned by a group or operated by churches or corporates, for profit

public hospitals

owned by a government agency, state, or city, non-profit

community hospitals

loyal to community, nonprofit, most hospitals in us

hospital system

more than one hospital managed by one organization

hospital network

encompasses a network of hospitals, physicians, etc.

mental health parity and addiction equity act of 2008

allows for longer time of treatment and insurance coverage

patient’s bill of rights 1973

a hospital has responsibility toward a patient and their families

patient care partnership

replaced patients bill of rights in 2003

hospital expectations

higher quality of care, clean and safe environment, patients involved with their own care, protection of patient privacy, help when leaving the hospital, help with billing claims

informed consent

the physician must obtain permission to perform certain procedures, administer drugs, and be involved in any research

department of health and human services

to enhance and protect the health and wellbeing of all Americans

what is the mission of the DHHS?

provide healthcare that protects and improves the wellbeing of Americans

social security act of 1935

funds full time healthcare, established children’s and maternal care, and full time staff in local health departments

before the ACA, most healthcare used a _________ payment

fee-for-service

hospitals used to focus on ______ rather than _________

volume, quality of care

focus on volume rather than care caused…

a high rate of readmittance

capitation

hospital charges a fixed amount for a specific service

managed care organizations

establish long-term contracts for a population, works with patients, hospital, and providers

the goal of an MCO is to control the quality of care rather than ______ volume

increase

medicare

federally funded, for people aged 65+, or longterm disability such as end stage renal failure and ALS

medicaid

federal and state funded, administered by state

both medicare and medicaid are under the ______ and referred to as…

DHHS, Centers for medicare and medicaid services

ACA set up a marketplace known as the

health exchange

what can individuals do on the health exchange?

platform for each state where a resident can buy insurance for themselves, family, or small businesses.

mandatory services under Medicaid

pay for rural health clinics, inpatient hospital services, labwork

Children’s health insurance program

CHIP, provides healthcare for low income kids who do not qualify for medicaid

CHIP was signed in ______ with __________ funding

1997, federal and state

private health insurance increased as a _____ benefit for employees

fringe

in _____ diagnosis related groups were established

1983

in diagnosis related groups, everyone in that group is charged a ___ price

set

MCO goal

keep costs down, decrease use of hospital services

MCO

managed care organization

three types of managed care organizations

health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations, and exclusive provider organization

health maintenance organizations

prepaid health insurance that covers care provided inside the network, fixed fee for providers

preferred provider organizations

can use providers and hospitals in and out of the network, made up of hospitals and providers that give comprehensive health discounts, fee or servid