Alkanes Flashcards

Flashcards about alkanes and related concepts from a chemistry lecture.

__: Compounds with C–C single bonds and C–H bonds.

Alkanes

Alkanes are described as __ hydrocarbons.

saturated

Alkanes are also known as __ compounds.

aliphatic

The formula for an alkane with no rings is: __, where the number of carbon atoms is ‘n’.

CnH2n+2

A __ is a series for which a general molecular formula can be written.

Homologous Series

Straight-chain alkanes have C's connected to no more than __ other C’ s.

2

__ alkanes have one or more carbon atoms connected to 3 or 4 carbon atoms.

Branched-chain

__ of crude oil involves separating components based on boiling point.

Fractional distillation

__ has an octane rating of 0.

n-Heptane

__ has an octane rating of 100.

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

An __ is a partial structure that remains after the removal of one H from an alkane.

Alkyl Group

To name an alkyl group, replace the –ane ending of the alkane with the __ ending.

-yl

The IUPAC system stands for __.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

When naming branched-chain alkanes, the first step is to find the __ hydrocarbon chain.

parent

When naming alkanes, if two different chains of equal length are present, choose the one with the __ number of branch points as the parent.

larger

When numbering the atoms in the longest chain, begin at the end __ the first branch point.

nearer

When naming alkanes, assign a number known as a __, to each substituent to locate its point of attachment to the parent chain.

locant

__ are species (or molecular entities) that have the same atomic composition (molecular formula) but different line formulae or different stereochemical formulae and hence different physical and/or chemical properties.

Isomers

__ isomers have the same molecular formula, but atoms are bonded in different orders.

Structural

__ – Isomerism between structures differing in constitution and described by different line formulae

Structural isomers

List three types of reactions that alkanes undergo: __, __, and __.

Halogenation, oxidation/combustion, dehydrogenation

In excess oxygen, alkanes burn to form and .

carbon dioxide, water

Halogenation is a __ reaction where one H in CH4 is substituted by a halogen.

substitution

Halogenation proceeds via a __ process, including initiation, propagation, and termination steps.

free radical

Alkyl halides are also known as __.

haloalkanes

Alkyl halides contain a halogen atom bonded to a saturated, __-hybridized carbon atom.

sp3

When naming halogen substituents, F is __, Br is __, Cl is __, and I is __.

fluoro, bromo, chloro, iodo

For alkyl halides, the parent chain contains a __ if present.

double or triple bond

When naming alkyl halides, if the parent chain cannot be properly numbered from either end by step 2, numbering begins at the end closer to the __ that has alphabetical precedence.

substituent

As you progress down the periodic table, the size of halogens __, C–X bond lengths __, and C–X bond strengths __.

increase, increase, decrease

Due to the differing electronegativity between carbon and a halogen like Flourine an alkyl halide possesse a substantial __ moment.

dipole

Cycloalkanes are also called __ compounds.

alicyclic

Name one example of conformers for cyclohexane and .

chair conformer, boat conformer

__ are examples of organic compounds that often contain rings of carbon atoms.

Steroids

__ rings A and D rings adopt chair conformations

Cholesterol